不同氮素形态对茅苍术光合特性和光合氮素利用效率的影响  

Effects of different nitrogen forms on leaf photosynthetic characteristics and photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency of Atractylodes lancea

作　　者：马国珠 张莉 付国占[1] 王婧[3] 张艳玲 信龙飞 孙万慧 程怡新 MA Guo-zhu;ZHANG Li;FU Guo-zhan;WANG Jing;ZHANG Yan-ling;XIN Long-fei;SUN Wan-hui;CHENG Yi-xin(College of Agriculture,Henan University of Science and Technology,Luoyang Henan 471023;School of Agriculture,Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University,Xinyang Henan 464002;Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081)

机构地区：[1]河南科技大学农学院,河南洛阳471023 [2]信阳农林学院农学院,河南信阳464002 [3]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2023年第8期184-189,共6页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：河南省高等学校重点科研资助项目(24A210023);河南省科技攻关资助项目(212102110287,212102110285,222102110338);信阳农林学院青年教师科研基金资助项目(2019LG004)。

摘　　要：研究不同氮素形态对茅苍术光合特性和氮素吸收的影响,为其栽培氮肥高效利用提供理论依据。以一年生茅苍术为材料,研究不施氮肥、施用硝态氮、铵态氮和酰胺态氮对茅苍术叶片光响应曲线和光合氮素利用效率的影响。结果表明,施用氮肥可不同程度改善叶片光合特性,其中硝态氮处理的叶绿素含量、表观光量子效率、最大净光合速率,光饱和点、净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率均最高,但其光补偿点和胞间二氧化碳浓度显著低于铵态氮和酰胺态氮处理。同时,硝态氮处理能显著增大叶面积、降低比叶重,促进植株生长,使得其整株生物量比铵态氮和酰胺态氮处理提高6.89%和17.05%。此外,硝态氮处理还增加叶片氮素含量,提高光合氮素利用效率,分别比铵态氮和酰胺态氮处理提高2.43%和6.76%。可见,茅苍术光合特性对硝态氮更敏感,施用硝态氮肥能改善光能特性,促进氮素高效利用。In order to provide a theoretical basis for nitrogen utilization efficiency in the cultivation of Atractylodes lancea(Thunb.),a field experiment with annual rhizome of A.lancea was carried out to study the effects of different nitrogen forms on the photosynthetic characteristics and nitrogen absorption.Four different nitrogen forms were without nitrogen(CK),amide nitrogen fertilizer(ANF),nitrate nitrogen fertilizer(NNF)and ammonium nitrogen fertilizer(NHF),and the photosynthetic parameters,biomass and photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency(PNUE)were analyzed.The result showed that application of nitrogen fertilizer improved leaf photosynthetic characteristics.The increments of SPAD value,apparent quantum efficiency,maximum net photosynthetic rate,light saturation point,net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance and transpiration rate under NNF treatment were the highest,but light compensation point and intercellular carbon dioxide concentration under NNF treatment were significantly lower than those of the other treatments.Meanwhile,NNF treatment promoted nitrogen uptake and plant growth by increasing leaf area and reducing specific leaf weight,which increased the biomass by 6.89%and 17.05%,respectively,compared with NNF and NHF treatments.In addition,PNUE under NNF treatment was increased by 2.43%and 6.76%,respectively,compared with NHF and ANF treatments,and achieved the highest value.These results indicated that A.lancea was more sensitive genotype to nitrate nitrogen,application of nitrate nitrogen fertilizer was most suitable for promoting leaf photosynthetic capacity and nitrogen utilization.

关 键 词：茅苍术 氮素形态 光合特性 光合氮素利用效率 

分 类 号：S567.239[农业科学—中草药栽培]