施加不同形态氮肥对芦苇生长和茎秆理化特性的影响  

Effects of Different Nitrogen Fertilizer Treatments on Growth and Stem Physicochemical Properties of Phragmitesaustralis

作　　者：罗佳 郑孟雨 邹小智 蒲苗艳 何禹滔 龙治坚[1] 胡尚连[1] Luo Jia;Zheng Mengyu;Zou Xiaozhi;Pu Miaoyan;He Yutao;Long Zhijian;Hu Shanglian(Southwest University of Science and Technology,Mianyang 621010,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]西南科技大学,四川省·绵阳市621010

出　　处：《东北林业大学学报》2023年第12期74-80,共7页Journal of Northeast Forestry University

基　　金：国家级大学生创新创业训练计划项目(202210619030);西南科技大学大学生创新基金项目精准资助专项(JZ22-071)。

摘　　要：在位于四川省绵阳市涪城区青义镇的西南科技大学芦苇温室大棚,于2022年5月20日,将购自河北雄安聚鹏生态科技有限公司的白洋淀白花芦苇、白洋淀黄花芦苇、宿州芦苇的地下根系扦插盆内,在大棚内育苗15 d, 6月5日选取长势良好,大小一致的幼苗盆栽;选用不同形态氮素(酰胺态氮(CO(NH_(2))_(2))、铵态氮(NH4Cl)、硝态氮(KNO_(3)))设计单施、混施8种施肥方案(其中以不施氮肥为对照)对芦苇(Phragmites australis)扦插苗进行施肥试验,每个处理3次重复,每个重复4株,共96株;10月6—7日,测定成熟期芦苇的株高、第三节节间长、植株干质量,各处理分别随机选取3株,以全株收获取样,测定生物量、纤维形态、纤维素、木质素;分别取未施肥前盆中、施肥后成熟期盆中3~7 cm土层的土壤,测定土壤肥力(包括全氮磷钾、速效氮磷钾、土壤pH等);结合测定指标,应用方差分析法(ANOVA)、最小显著性差异法(LSD),分析施加不同形态氮肥对芦苇生长和茎秆理化特性的影响。结果表明:混施酰胺态氮和铵态氮,对白洋淀黄花芦苇的表型和干质量有促进作用,对改善白洋淀白花芦苇、白洋淀黄花芦苇的纤维形态效果最佳;混施酰胺态氮和铵态氮,白洋淀黄花芦苇、白洋淀白花芦苇的纤维素质量分数显著提高,白洋淀黄花芦苇的木质素质量分数最低;单施酰胺态氮,对宿州芦苇纤维素质量分数促进效果最显著。综合试验结果,混施酰胺态氮和铵态氮,对促进植株生长、改善纤维形态、提高纤维利用率的效果最佳;综合各项指标,白洋淀黄花芦苇更具有优良纤维用原料的潜力。In the reed greenhouse of Southwest University of Science and Technology,located in Qingyi Town,Fucheng District,Mianyang City,Sichuan Province,on May 20,2022,Baiyangdian White reed,Baiyangdian Yellow reed and Suzhou reed purchased from Hebei Xiongan Jupeng Ecological Technology Co.,LTD.,were planted in the underground root cutting POTS for 15d.On June 5,seedlings with good growth and the same size were selected as potted plants.Eight fertilization schemes with different nitrogen forms(amide nitrogen(CO(NH _(2))_(2)),ammonium nitrogen(NH 4Cl)and nitrate nitrogen(KNO_(3)))were designed(with no nitrogen fertilizer as the control)to carry out fertilization experiments on cuttings of Phragmites australis.Each treatment was repeated three times.There were 96 strains in total,4 strains per replicate.From October 6 to 7,the plant height,third internode length and plant dry mass of mature P.australis were measured.Three plants were randomly selected for each treatment,and the biomass,fiber morphology,cellulose and lignin of the whole plant were harvested and sampled.Soil fertility(including total nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium,available nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium,soil pH,etc.)was measured from the 3-7 cm soil layer in the middle of the pot before fertilization and in the mature stage after fertilization.Analysis of variance(ANOVA)and minimum significant difference(LSD)were used to analyze the effects of different nitrogen fertilizer on Phragmites australis growth and stem physicochemical properties.The results showed that the mixed application of amide and ammonium nitrogen could promote the phenotype and dry quality of Baiyangdian Yellow reed,and the fiber morphology of Baiyangdian Yellow reed was the best.The cellulose content of Baiyangdian Yellow reed was significantly increased,and the lignin content of Baiyangdian Yellow reed was the lowest.The single application of amide nitrogen had the most significant effect on the cellulose content of Suzhou reed.The results showed that the mixed application of amide

关 键 词：芦苇 芦苇生长性状 芦苇茎秆理化特性 植物木质纤维素 氮肥形态 

分 类 号：S564.2[农业科学—作物学] Q945.78[生物学—植物学]