面向分子/离子选择性分离的仿生固态一维纳米通道  

Bio-inspired solid-state one-dimensional nanochannels for molecule/ion selective separation

作　　者：张昀 卢青青 杨雁冰 袁荃 Yun Zhang;Qingqing Lu;Yanbing Yang;Quan Yuan(Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education,College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学化学与分子科学学院,生物医用高分子材料教育部重点实验室,武汉430072

出　　处：《科学通报》2023年第30期3979-3997,共19页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2021YFA1202400);国家自然科学基金(21925401);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(2042022rc0004,2042021kf0036,2042022kf0028);腾讯基金项目资助。

摘　　要：生物通道蛋白的重要功能是高速率地传输特定的分子或离子,在维持细胞渗透压和细胞功能等方面扮演了重要角色.例如,水通道蛋白(aquaporins,AQPs)能够促进水分子穿透细胞膜,同时排除质子,在维持细胞水平衡和细胞膜的电化学势中具有重要作用.受生物通道蛋白的启发,研究人员开发了各种具有分子/离子选择性传输能力的人工纳米通道,探究了分子/离子在通道内部的选择性传输机制,并探索了通道在过滤、生物传感和能量转换领域中的应用.本文主要总结了仿生固态一维纳米通道的分子/离子选择性传输机制.对固态一维纳米通道的制备方法和调控手段进行了深入总结,探讨了固态一维纳米通道在分子/离子选择性分离领域的应用,重点关注它们在气体分离和海水淡化领域的应用进展.最后,总结了固态一维纳米通道在选择性分离领域面临的挑战以及未来的发展机遇.本文对于固态纳米通道的设计及其选择性分离应用领域具有一定的指导意义.In the past decades,an increasing number of works about nanostructured materials were designed by mimicking natural biological structures or biological functions.These biomimetic nanostructured materials with specifically designed properties show promising potential in the field of industry,agriculture,and biomedicine.As one type of functional protein embedded in cell membranes,biological channel proteins are mainly devoted to achieving fast transport of specific molecules or ions across cell membrane,and they play a significant role in regulating various physiological functions of the cell life processes.Inspired by biological channel proteins,scientists have been committed to developing diverse artificial nanochannels with selective molecule/ion transport capabilities to mimic the functions of biological channel proteins,as well as to explore the mechanisms of molecular/ion selective transport in biological channel proteins.At the same time,scientists have attempted to optimize artificial nanochannels for applications in the fields of filtration,biosensing,and energy harvesting and conversion.Up to now,scientists have successfully fabricated a variety of artificial nanochannels with different dimensions,and investigated the molecule/ion-selective transport mechanisms of these nanochannels,including size sieving,charge effects,wettability as well as channel-guest interactions.In artificial nanochannels,solidstate 1D nanochannels with a diameter or length less than 100 nm is possessed of a single-dimensional molecule/ion transport path that is similar to biological channel proteins.Moreover,the geometry and surface functional groups of solidstate 1D nanochannels are adjustable and designable,showing unique advantages in the field of rapid and selective molecule/ion transport or separation.Consequently,a diversity of bottom-up and top-down approaches are adopted to fabricating solid-state 1D nanochannel materials with selective molecule/ion transport capabilities,such as carbon nanotubes(CNTs)by chemical vapor dep

关 键 词：仿生 固态一维纳米通道 分子/离子分离 气体分离 海水淡化 

分 类 号：TB383.1[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]