某中小口径武器用梯度硝基发射装药效应  

Study on the Effect of Nitro Gradiently Distributed Propellant Charge for a Small and Medium Caliber Weapon

作　　者：李世影 肖忠良 李宇 丁亚军[1,2] 石玉东[3] 赵剑春 LI Shi-ying;XIAO Zhong-liang;LI Yu;DING Ya-jun;SHI Yu-dong;ZHAO Jian-chun(School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Nanjing University of Science and Technology,Nanjing 210094,China;Key Laboratory of Special Energy Materials(Nanjing University of Science and Technology),Ministry of Education,Nanjing 210094,China;Lu Zhou North Chemical Industries Co.,Ltd.,Luzhou 646003,China)

机构地区：[1]南京理工大学化学与化工学院,江苏南京210094 [2]南京理工大学特种能源材料教育部重点实验室,江苏南京210094 [3]泸州北方化学工业有限公司,四川泸州646003

出　　处：《含能材料》2023年第11期1134-1140,共7页Chinese Journal of Energetic Materials

摘　　要：针对某中小口径武器发射烟焰大、刺激性气味强等问题,采用化学脱硝法,制备了不同脱硝程度的梯度硝基七孔发射药,对其理化性能、静态燃烧性能、内弹道性能、发射有害现象进行了研究,并基于最小自由能法,研究了樟脑钝感剂用量与脱硝程度对发射药可燃气体(CO、H_(2))含量、未氧化碳值的影响规律。结果表明:随着脱硝程度的增加,发射药的爆热从4001 J·g^(-1)降低至3517 J·g^(-1),弧厚从0.92 mm降低至0.89 mm、安定剂含量从2.60%降低至1.95%、安定性未发生变化,最大动态活度对应的相对压力Bm增加至0.66,燃烧渐增性逐渐提升;在相当膛压下,发射药燃烧渐增性越好,弹丸初速越高,并建立了装药量、膛压、初速之间的对映耦合关系,获得了梯度硝基发射药内弹道性能的数字表达与控制方法;当爆热值相当时,与樟脑钝感发射药相比,梯度硝基发射药燃气中可燃气体含量低、未氧化碳含量少;射击试验中发现,梯度硝基发射药火焰小、刺激性气味小,具有较少的发射有害现象。In response to the serious problems involving large smoke,flame and pungent smell known for a small and medium caliber weapon,the single base seven holes propellants were treated by chemical denitration method to prepare nitro gradiently distributed propellants with different denitration degrees.Their physicochemical,static burning properties,interior ballistic per-formance and emission hazard phenomenon were investigated.Based on the minimum free energy method,the influence of amount of camphor agent and the denitration degree on the combustion gases(CO,H_(2))produced and unoxidized carbon were studied.The results show that with the increase of denitration degree,the explosion heat of propellants decreases from 4001 J·g^(-1)to 3517 J·g^(-1),the web thickness reduces from 0.92 mm to 0.89 mm,the content of stabilizer declines from 2.60%to 1.95%,the stability remains unchanged,Bm value increases to 0.66,and the progressive burning property enhances gradually;the better progressive burning of propellants,the higher initial velocity of the projectile under the same bore pressure condition was ob-served,the numerical expression and control method of ballistic performance for this investigated propellant were obtained based on the enantiomorphic coupling relationship established between the mass of charge,bore pressure and initial velocity;in comparison with the camphor-deterred propellants,the nitro gradiently distributed propellants demonstrated the promising char-acteristics of lower concentration of combustible gas,and less unoxidized carbon;in addition,the small flame,less irritating odour and low emission harmful phenomena are found for nitro gradiently distributed propellants during the firing test.

关 键 词：中小口径武器 梯度硝基发射药 理化性能 燃烧性能 内弹道性能 发射有害现象 

分 类 号：TJ55[兵器科学与技术—军事化学与烟火技术]