三种典型含能材料热分解特性调控研究进展  

Review in the Regulation of Thermal Decomposition Characteristics of Three Typical Energetic Materials

作　　者：王小龙 巨荣辉 张耀远[1] 吴芹 史大昕 陈康成 黎汉生 WANG Xiao-long;JU Rong-hui;ZHANG Yao-yuan;WU Qin;SHI Da-xin;CHEN Kang-cheng;LI Han-sheng(School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Beijing Institute of Technology,Beijing 100081,China;Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute,Xi'an 710065,China)

机构地区：[1]北京理工大学化学与化工学院,北京100081 [2]西安近代化学研究所,陕西西安710065

出　　处：《含能材料》2023年第11期1173-1196,共24页Chinese Journal of Energetic Materials

基　　金：北京理工大学青年教师学术启动计划。

摘　　要：含能材料在国防以及民用等领域均有重要的战略价值。其中,热分解特性是直接关系到含能材料能否有效应用的最主要特征之一,明确含能材料的热分解行为及机理对进一步提高其热分解效率或抑制其不稳定分解至关重要。以3种典型含能材料:环四亚甲基四硝胺(HMX)、六硝基六氮杂异伍兹烷(CL-20)和3,4-二硝基呋咱基氧化呋咱(DNTF)为研究对象,从关乎热分解特性的基础物化性质展开介绍,总结其相关热分解行为及机理,重点论述了影响其热分解特性的材料结构特征和添加剂类型。发现硝基脱除是热分解发生的关键步骤,而富含活性中心的金属元素材料和富含活泼基团的有机类材料易与硝基作用,能加快热分解过程。无机非金属材料则因其具有较大的比表面积和优异的气体扩散能力也可起到促进分解的作用。以共晶、包覆、加入钝感剂为主的3种方法被广泛用于提高这3种含能材料的热稳定性能。在热分解机理研究基础上,开展热分解促进剂和抑制剂的设计研发,这将有效推动含能材料热应用的创新发展,成为未来含能材料热分解特性的研究重点。Energetic materials are of great strategic value in both national defense and civil application.The thermal decomposi-tion characteristics are one of the most important characteristics directly related to the effective application of energetic materials.It is of great significance to clarify the thermal decomposition behavior and mechanism of energetic materials for further improv-ing the thermal decomposition efficiency and inhibiting their unstable decomposition.Three typical energetic materials,cyclo-tetramethylene tetranitramine(HMX),hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane(CL-20)and 3,4-dinitrofurazanofuroxan(DNTF),were studied.The basic physical and chemical properties related to the thermal decomposition characteristics were present,and the thermal decomposition behavior and mechanism were summarized,with emphasis on the structural characteristics of materials and the types of additives that influence the thermal decomposition.It is found that the removal of nitro group is the key step in the thermal decomposition,and the metallic materials rich in active sites and organic complexes with abundant active groups tend to interact with nitro groups to accelerate the thermal decomposition process.Inorganic non-metallic materials can also contribute to the decomposition behavior due to the large specific surface area and excellent gas diffusion ability.Three methods,including eu-tectic,coating and adding desensitizing agent,are widely used to improve the thermal stability of these three energetic materials.Based on the research of the thermal decomposition mechanism,the design and development of thermal decomposition accelera-tors and inhibitors can be carried out,which will effectively promote the innovative development of thermal application of ener-getic materials and become the focus of future research on the thermal decomposition characteristics of energetic materials.

关 键 词：含能材料 热分解特性 硝基脱除 添加剂 调控 

分 类 号：TJ55[兵器科学与技术—军事化学与烟火技术] O64[理学—物理化学]