施钙量对花生荚果不同发育时期光合产物分配的影响  

Effects of calcium application on the distribution of photosynthetic products in peanut plant during pod development stages

作　　者：曹议丹 巩玉 钱麟君 赵亚飞 司彤 邹晓霞 CAO Yi-dan;GONG Yu;QIAN Lin-jun;ZHAO Ya-fei;SI Tong;ZOU Xiao-xia(College of Agronomy,Qingdao Agricultural University/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Dryland Farming Technology,Qingdao,Shandong 266109,China)

机构地区：[1]青岛农业大学农学院/山东省旱作农业技术重点实验室,山东青岛266109

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2023年第10期1873-1883,共11页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS-13)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究施钙对荚果发育过程中光合产物在花生植株各部位分配的影响,以明确钙肥促进花生生长和产量形成的机理。【方法】以‘湘花55号’为供试花生品种进行低钙土壤盆栽试验。CaO施用量设置4个水平:0、75、150和300 kg/hm^(2),分别记为Ca0、Ca75、Ca150、Ca300。在花生荚果幼果期、膨大期、定型期、籽仁充实期,采用^(13)C-Na_(2)CO_(3)和H2SO4溶液(1 mol/L)反应获得^(13)C-CO_(2)(300~350 mg/kg)的方法,对花生光合产物进行^(13)C标记。于花生收获期取样,测定各部位干物质积累量、^(13)C丰度和产量。【结果】施钙量提升花生植株干物质积累的效果显著,与Ca0相比,Ca75处理显著提高根、茎干物质积累量,Ca150处理分别显著提高叶、果针、籽仁、果壳和全株干物质积累量12.43%、33.60%、34.35%、11.91%和14.82%。施钙影响着花生荚果产量、出仁率和饱果率,但不影响双仁果率,荚果产量以Ca150处理最高,较Ca0处理显著提升了10.5%。Ca0、Ca75、Ca300处理下籽仁δ^(13)C丰度在籽仁充实期达到最高,而Ca150处理在荚果膨大期最高。随着荚果期延长,各处理花生整株^(13)C积累量先增后降,在荚果膨大期达到最高,然后降低;Ca150花生整株^(13)C积累量显著高于其他处理。随着生育时期的推进,各施钙处理的^(13)C在花生籽仁中的分配比例均呈增加趋势,在籽仁充实期的分配比例可高达41.0%(Ca0)~48.3%(Ca75)。籽仁^(13)C分配比例随施钙量的增加而增加,中低施钙量(75~150 kg/hm^(2))处理有利于协调根、果针的^(13)C向籽粒转运,而高施钙量(150~300 kg/hm^(2))有利于促进叶、果壳^(13)C向籽粒转运。【结论】适宜施钙量可调控^(13)C在花生植株中的分配和积累,显著提升光合^(13)C向花生籽仁中的分配比例,为产量提升奠定基础。本研究条件下,获得最高生产效益的适宜施钙量为CaO 150 kg/hm^(2)。【Objectives】The effect of calcium application rate on the distribution of photosynthetic carbon in peanut plant across pod development stage was studied,to understand the mechanism of calcium fertilizer in peanut growth and yield formation.【Methods】A peanut cultivar‘Xianghua 55’was used as the test materials to carry out a pot experiment.The treatments were basal applying CaO 0,75,150,and 300 kg/hm^(2),denoted as Ca0,Ca75,Ca150 and Ca300,respectively.At the young fruit,pod bulking,pod setting,and kernel filling stage,^(13)CCO_(2)(300-350 mg/kg)were prepared through reaction of^(13)C-Na_(2)CO_(3)and H2SO4 solution(1 mol/L)inside the growth chamber,to label the photosynthetic carbon in plants,respectively.At harvest,plant was divided into different organs for the determination of^(13)C abundance,dry matter accumulation(DMA),and the kennel yields.【Results】Ca application had significant effects on DMA of peanut plants.Ca75 treatment increased more DMA in roots and stems,and Ca150 increased more DMA in leaves,pegs,kernels,shells,and whole plant which were 12.43%,33.60%,34.35%,11.91%and 14.82%higher than Ca0 did(P<0.05).Ca application significantly increased the peanut pod yield,kernel rate and the full fruit rate,did not affect the double kernel fruit rate.Ca150 was recorded the highest pod yield,which was 10.5%higher than that of Ca0.Theδ^(13)C abundance in kernel was highest at kernel filling stage under Ca0,Ca75 and Ca300 treatments,and was the highest at pod bulking stage under Ca150 treatment.With the extension of pod stage,the accumulation of^(13)C in peanut plant increased first and then decreased,with the peak accumulation at pod bulking stage.The total accumulation of^(13)C in peanut plant in Ca150 treatment was significantly higher than that in other treatments.With development of the peanut pod,the distribution rate of^(13)C in peanut kernel kept increasing until as high as 41.0%(Ca0)-48.3%(Ca75)at kennel filling period.The higher the CaO rate,the higher the distribution rate of^(13)C in ke

关 键 词：花生 施钙量 13C标记 荚果发育期 干物质分配 产量 

分 类 号：S565.2[农业科学—作物学]