无膜栽培下灌水量和行距对南疆棉花生长发育及产量的影响  

Effects of Irrigation Amount and Row Spacing on Growth and Yield of Cotton without Plastic Film Mulching in Southern Xinjiang

作　　者：张变兄 李玲 郭子轩 曹娟[1] 毛廷勇 万素梅[1] 翟云龙[1] 宋敏[3] 陈国栋[1] Zhang Bianxiong;Li Ling;Guo Zixuan;Cao Juan;Mao Tingyong;Wan Sumei;Zhai Yunlong;Song Min;Chen Guodong(College of Agronomy,Tarim University,Alar 843300,China;College of Biological and Geographical Sciences,Yili Normal University,Yining 835000,China;Agricultural Technology Extension Station of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps,Urumqi 830011,China)

机构地区：[1]塔里木大学农学院,新疆阿拉尔843300 [2]伊犁师范大学生物与地理科学学院,新疆伊宁835000 [3]新疆生产建设兵团农业技术推广总站,新疆乌鲁木齐830011

出　　处：《山东农业科学》2023年第10期37-43,共7页Shandong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：塔里木大学校长基金项目(TDZKJS202001);塔里木大学研究生科研创新项目(TDGRI202220);新疆生产建设兵团科技攻关项目(2019DB010)。

摘　　要：为了明确无膜栽培下不同灌水量和行距对棉花生长指标和产量的影响,本试验以‘中619’为材料,设置3种灌水量(W1:4 200 m^(3)/hm^(2);W2:5 100 m^(3)/hm^(2);W3:6 000 m^(3)/hm^(2))和两种行距配置[P1:76 cm等行距模式,株距5.5 cm;P2:(66+10) cm宽窄行模式,株距10 cm],研究灌水量和行距对棉花株高、茎粗、叶面积指数、干物质积累及产量的影响。结果表明:随着灌水量的增加和行距的降低,株高和茎粗增加,P2W3处理的铃期株高最大为61.3 cm,显著高于P1W1处理。同一灌水量下,茎粗整体表现为P2>P1,吐絮期P2行距下茎粗比P1高2.57%~10.92%。叶面积指数在蕾期至初花期表现为P1>P2,进入盛花期后为P2>P1,随着灌水量的增大,叶面积指数呈先增后减的趋势。P2行距处理下干物质积累量高于P1,随灌水量的增加,干物质积累量和籽棉产量随之增加,P2W3处理籽棉产量最高,为6 836.95 kg/hm^(2),略高于P2W2处理,二者差异不显著。综合生长发育指标和产量情况,P2W3处理棉花各项生长指标较优;结合南疆棉花生产实际和节水高效栽培需求,P2W2栽培模式较适宜南疆棉花无膜种植,增产潜力较大。In order to clarify the effects of different irrigation amounts and row spacings on cotton growth characters and yield without plastic film mulching,the variety Zhong 619 was used as test material,and three irrigation amounts(W1:4200 m^(3)/hm^(2),W2:5100 m^(3)/hm^(2),W3:6000 m^(3)/hm^(2))and two row spacings(P1:76-cm equal row spacing mode with plant spacing as 5.5 cm;P2:66-cm wide row and 10-cm narrow row pattern with plant spacing as 10 cm)were set in the experiment.Their effects on plant height,stem diam-eter,leaf area index,dry matter accumulation and yield of cotton were analyzed.The results showed that the plant height and stem diameter increased with the increase of irrigation amount and the decrease of row spac-ing.The plant height at bolling stage was 61.3 cm under P2W3 treatment,which was significantly higher than that under P1W1 treatment.Under the same irrigation amount,the stem diameter showed P2>P1,and the stem diameter at the boll opening stage under P2 was 2.57%~10.92%higher than that under P1.The leaf are-a index showed P1>P2 from bud stage to early flowering stage,and P2>P1 after full flowering stage.With the increase of irrigation amount,the leaf area index increased firstly and then decreased.The dry matter accumu-lation under P2 row spacing was higher than that under P1 row spacing.The dry matter accumulation and seed cotton yield increased with the increase of irrigation amount.The seed cotton yield under P2W3 treatment was the highest as 6836.95 kg/hm^(2),which was slightly higher compared with P2W2 treatment with no significant difference.Based on comprehensive growth and development indicators and yield,the growth of cotton treated with P2W3 was better.Combined with the actual production of cotton in southern Xinjiang and the demand of water-saving and efficient cultivation,the P2W2 treatment was more suitable for cotton planting without film mulching in southern Xinjiang,and the yield potential was greater.

关 键 词：灌水量 行距 棉花 无膜栽培 生长发育 产量 

分 类 号：S562.04[农业科学—作物学]