基于广播通信信道的轻量级车辆轨迹安全验证方案  

Lightweight and secure vehicle track verification scheme via broadcast communication channels

作　　者：宁志强 汪媛媛 张驰[1] 魏凌波 俞能海[1] HAO Yue NING Zhiqiang;WANG Yuanyuan;ZHANG Chi;WEI Lingbo;YU Nenghai;HAO Yue(School of Cyber Science and Technology,University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei 230001,China;Department of Computer Science,San Francisco State University,San Francisco,CA 94132,USA)

机构地区：[1]中国科学技术大学网络空间安全学院,安徽合肥230001 [2]San Francisco State University,Department of Computer Science,Houghton,San Francisco,CA 94132

出　　处：《网络与信息安全学报》2023年第5期71-81,共11页Chinese Journal of Network and Information Security

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(61871362,U19B2023)。

摘　　要：在智慧交通系统中,智能汽车需要实时广播车辆轨迹消息来协调驾驶决策,保证行车安全。然而,攻击者可以通过修改消息的发送时间戳或操纵信号发射的载波频率伪造车辆轨迹。针对该问题,提出了一种轻量级车辆轨迹验证方案。无须任何特殊硬件支持,基于同一广播通信信道完成对车辆轨迹的安全验证;无须时间同步,每个验证点计算消息接收时间与发送时间戳的时间间隔,通过联立两两验证点的时间间隔所形成的空间位置约束方程,达到了抗时间戳伪造攻击的防御效果;每个验证点计算消息到达频率和预定发射频率的多普勒频移,通过联立两两验证点的频移所形成的速度矢量约束方程,实现了抗载波频率操纵攻击的安全目的。通过形式化分析,表明增加验证点的数目可以提高车辆轨迹验证的准确率。最后,真实环境中的实验结果表明,当验证点数量设定为3个时,方案展现出了最佳的性能。与现有方案相比,在分别验证真实车辆轨迹和虚假车辆轨迹时,方案具有更高的正确率,更低的错误拒绝率和错误接受率。In intelligent transportation systems,it is crucial for smart vehicles to broadcast real-time vehicle track messages to coordinate driving decisions and ensure driving safety.However,attackers can manipulate vehicle tracks by modifying timestamps or manipulating signal frequencies,posing a threat to security.To address this problem,a lightweight vehicle track verification scheme was proposed,utilizing the broadcast communication channels to achieve secure verification of vehicle tracks without any special hardware support.Without time synchronization,each verifier calculated the time interval between the reception time of the message and the sending timestamp.Spatial position constraint equations are formulated by combining these time intervals between any two verifiers,effectively defending against timestamp forgery attacks.Additionally,each verifier calculates the Doppler frequency shift between the arrival frequency and the scheduled transmit frequency.Velocity vector constraint equations were formulated by combining these frequency shifts between any two verifiers,providing defense against carrier frequency manipulation attacks.Formal analysis shows that increasing the number of verifiers improves the accuracy of the proposed verification scheme.Experimental results in a real-world environment further validate that the proposed verification scheme exhibits the best performance when the number of verifiers is set to 3.Compared to the existing solution,the proposed verification scheme has a higher accuracy,lower false rejection rate,and lower false acceptance rate when validating true vehicle track and false vehicle track separately.

关 键 词：时间戳 多普勒效应 车辆轨迹 安全验证 

分 类 号：TP302[自动化与计算机技术—计算机系统结构]