听力状况对老年人认知能力影响的研究  

Empirical Study on the Effect of Hearing Status on Cognitive Ability in the Elderly

作　　者：徐清琳 李晓璐[2] 许新鹏 顾海[1] Xu Qinglin;Li Xiaolu;Xu Xinpeng;Gu Hai(不详;Center for Health Policy and Management Studies,Nanjing University,Nanjing,210093,China)

机构地区：[1]南京大学卫生政策与管理研究中心,南京210093 [2]南京医科大学第一附属医院耳鼻咽喉科 [3]南京医科大学公共卫生学院

出　　处：《听力学及言语疾病杂志》2023年第6期531-536,共6页Journal of Audiology and Speech Pathology

摘　　要：目的探究听力状况对老年人认知能力的影响及可能机制。方法基于2018年中国健康与养老追踪调查数据库,对8682例60周岁及以上老年人总样本以及不同年龄、性别的分样本建立线性回归模型。结果听力减退对老年人的认知能力有显著影响,听力状况好的老年人,其认知能力水平越高;社交活动参与及其三个维度(社会交往活动、志愿和学习活动以及体育锻炼活动)在听力状况对老年人认知能力的影响路径中起中介作用;良好的听力状况对男性老年人和高龄老年人认知能力的改善作用更强。结论良好的听力状况能够减缓老年人认知能力衰退;听力状况好的老年人可以通过社交活动参与(包括社会交往活动、志愿和学习活动以及体育锻炼活动),来改善或维持其认知能力水平。Objective To study the influence of hearing loss on the cognitive function of Chinese elderly and its mechanism,and to provide empirical evidence to promote social participation and improve cognitive function.Methods Based on the data of 2018 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study(CHARLS),a linear regression model of 8682 participants who aged 60 and above was established by categorizing age,gender,education,and household registration.Results Hearing loss significantly affected the cognitive function of Chinese elderly(P<0.001).Social participation played an intermediate role when examining the association between hearing loss and cognitive function of the elderly.Social activities,volunteering,learning activities and physical activities were also intermediate factors to cognitive function.The effect of good self-reported hearing status on cognitive ability was stronger in male and senior older adults.Conclusion Good hearing status slows cognitive decline in older adults.Older adults with good hearing status can improve or maintain their level of cognitive ability through social engagement,including social activities,voluntary and learning activities,and physical activities.

关 键 词：听力减退 认知能力 老年人 社交活动参与 

分 类 号：R764.436[医药卫生—耳鼻咽喉科]