施肥量和林分类型对黔北金佛山方竹林竹笋产量的影响  

Effect of Fertilization Amount and Forest Type on Bamboo Shoot Yield of Chimonobambusa utilis in Northern Guizhou Province

作　　者：张喜 杨光能 Zhang Xi;Yang Guangneng(Guizhou Academy of Forestry,Guiyang 550005,China;Guizhou Institute of Bamboo Industry for New Era,Chishui 564700,Guizhou,China;Center of Sympodial Bamboo Engineering Technology of National Forestry and Grassland Administration,Kunming 650224,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州省林业科学研究院,贵阳550005 [2]贵州省新时代竹产业研究院,贵州赤水564700 [3]国家林业和草原局丛生竹工程技术中心,昆明650224

出　　处：《世界竹藤通讯》2023年第5期15-22,45,共9页World Bamboo and Rattan

基　　金：贵州省特色林业产业科研项目(特林研2020-02)。

摘　　要：施肥是提高金佛山方竹林竹笋产量的重要手段。在贵州省北部的习水县仙源镇、正安县庙塘镇、桐梓县九坝镇和桐梓县马鬃乡4个试验点采用随机区组试验开展不同林分类型(人工林和天然林)和复合肥不同施用量(0、20、30和40 kg/667 m2)对金佛山方竹笋产量的影响研究,分析鲜笋收购期内不同处理间带壳笋产量、去壳笋产量、采笋株数及净笋率的差异。结果表明:1)在不同试验点间,随海拔高度升高,采笋持续时间缩短,开始采笋时间延后、结束采笋时间提前;2)除习水仙源试验点的带壳笋产量、去壳笋产量和采笋株数、以及桐梓九坝试验点的采笋株数在不同处理间差异显著(P<0.05)外,桐梓九坝、桐梓仙源和正安庙塘试验点各指标在不同处理间差异均不显著(P>0.05);净笋率在4个试验点的不同处理间差异均不显著(P>0.05);3)复合肥施肥量为40 kg/667 m2时的带壳竹笋产量、去壳竹笋产量、采笋株数及净笋率均高于对照,相应指标在人工林的增产幅度均高于天然林。该研究可为科学施肥和进一步改进金佛山方竹笋用复合肥配方提供参考依据。Fertilization is an important means to increase the bamboo shoot production in Chimonobambusa utilis forest.Randomized block experiments are conducted at Xianyuan Town in Xishui County(XYXS),Miaotang Town in Zhengan County(MTZA),Jiuba Town in Tongzi County(JBTZ)and Mazong Town in Tongzi County(MZTZ)to study the effects of forest types(plantation and natural forest)and amount of compound fertilizers applied(0,20,30 and 40 kg/667 m2)on the yield of bamboo shoots in Ch.utilis forest,and analyze the differences in yield of bamboo shoots with shell,the yield of bamboo shoots without shell,the number of harvested bamboo shoots and the net bamboo shoots ratio under different treatments during the period of purchasing fresh shoots.The results show:1)As the altitude increases,the bamboo shoots harvesting starts late and ends earlier,leading to a shortened duration;2)There are no significant differences(P>0.05)in the yield of bamboo shoots with shell,the yield of bamboo shoots without shell,the number of harvested bamboo shoots and the shoot edible rate in JBTZ,XYXS and MTZA,except for the yield of bamboo shoots with shell,the yield of bamboo shoots without shell and the number of harvested bamboo shoots in XYXS as well as the number of harvested bamboo shoots in JBTZ,which show significant differences(P≤0.05).There is no significant difference(P>0.05)in shoot edible rate among the 4 experimental sites;and 3)When compound fertilizer is applied with the amount of 40 kg/667 m2,the yield of bamboo shoots with shell,the yield of bamboo shoots without shell,the number of harvested bamboo shoots and shoot edible rate are higher than those in the control group,and the indicators have higher values in plantations than those in natural forests.The study provides science evidences for applying fertilizers in and improving compound fertilizer formula for Ch.utilis forest.

关 键 词：金佛山方竹 人工林 天然林 笋用复合肥 笋产量 黔北 

分 类 号：S795[农业科学—林木遗传育种]