CRISPR基因组编辑技术在传染病致病机理研究和防诊治中的应用  

The application of CRISPR genome editing technologies in the pathogenesis studies,diagnosis,prevention and treatment of infectious diseases

作　　者：杨臻嵘 周钢桥 Zhenrong Yang;Gangqiao Zhou(School of Life Sciences,Division of Life Sciences and Medicine,University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei 230022,China;State Key Lab of Proteomics,National Center for Protein Sciences at Beijing,Institute of Radiation Medicine,Academy of Military Medical Sciences,Academy of Military Sciences,Beijing 100850,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学技术大学生命科学学院,生命科学与医学部,合肥230022 [2]军事科学院军事医学研究院辐射医学研究所,医学蛋白质组全国重点实验室,国家蛋白质科学中心,北京100850

出　　处：《遗传》2023年第11期950-962,共13页Hereditas（Beijing)

基　　金：广州实验室应急攻关项目(编号:EKPG21-19)资助。

摘　　要：CRISPR基因组编辑技术在基因操作和传染病研究等方面展现出巨大的应用前景,对于有效控制和治愈传染病具有重要价值。通过其构建的细胞、类器官和动物疾病模型,为探索传染病相关分子机制提供了极大便利。CRISPR筛选技术使得高通量鉴定传染病相关风险因子成为可能。基于CRISPR的新型分子诊断工具为病原体的检测提供了更灵敏和快速的方法。利用CRISPR工具敲入抗性基因或破坏风险基因和病毒基因组,有望实现预防或治疗传染病。本综述讨论了CRISPR基因组编辑技术在疾病模型制备、传染病风险因子筛选、病原体诊断和传染病防治中的应用,以期为后续传染病的研究和防诊治提供参考。The CRISPR genome editing technology shows great application prospects in gene manipulation and infectious disease research,and is of great value for effective control and cure of infectious diseases.It has been utilized to generate specific disease models in cells,organoids and animals,which provide great convenience for research into the molecular mechanisms associated with infectious diseases.CRISPR screening technology enables high-throughput identification of risk factors.New molecular diagnostic tools based on CRISPR offer a more sensitive and faster method for detecting pathogens.The use of CRISPR tools to introduce resistance genes or to specifically destroy risk genes and virus genomes is intended to help prevent or treat infectious diseases.This review discusses the application of CRISPR genome editing technologies in the construction of disease models,screening of risk factors,pathogen diagnosis,and prevention and treatment of infectious diseases,thereby providing a reference for follow-up research in pathogenesis,diagnosis,prevention and treatment of infectious diseases.

关 键 词：传染病 CRISPR 致病机理 诊断 防治 

分 类 号：Q78[生物学—分子生物学] R51[医药卫生—内科学]