微孔陶瓷管道渗灌土壤水分分布特性研究与关键技术参数优化  

Study on Soil Water Distribution Characteristics and Optimization of Key Technical Parameters of Microporous Ceramic Pipe Infiltration Irrigation

作　　者：张甲森 刘旭飞 张春华 张林[2] ZHANG Jia-sen;LIU Xu-fei;ZHANG Chun-hua;ZHANG Lin(College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering of China,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,Shaanxi Province,China;Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,Shaanxi Province,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2023年第11期66-74,81,共10页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：新型地下微孔陶瓷灌溉关键技术研究与应用(52079131)。

摘　　要：渗灌是通过多孔介质将灌溉水持续渗入到作物根区土壤的地下节水灌溉技术。以廉价易得的黏土和炉渣为原料,采用注浆成型法制备出一种材料性能优良且绿色环保的微孔陶瓷渗灌管道,重点研究了陶瓷渗灌管道土壤水分入渗特性,并以最优根水匹配为目标,提出了陶瓷渗灌管道工作水头优化算法。研究结果表明:微孔陶瓷渗灌管道流量在1 h内迅速下降后以稳定出流量持续出流,于48 h后达到稳定出流状态,当工作水头由0.25 m增加至0.75 m时,微孔陶瓷渗灌管道稳定出流量由0.157 L/(h·m)增加至0.270 L/(h·m),稳定出流量与工作水头呈显著的线性正相关关系。湿润体为平行于土壤表面的圆柱体,湿润体剖面上土壤含水量沿湿润锋运移方向逐渐降低,垂直向上、垂直向下和水平方向的湿润锋分别以0.05 cm/h、0.08 cm/h和0.04 cm/h的速率扩散。湿润体内平均土壤含水量随工作水头增加而增大,0.25 m、0.50 m和0.75 m工作水头下湿润体内平均含水量分别为0.243 cm^(3)/cm^(3)、0.348 cm^(3)/cm^(3)和0.406 cm^(3)/cm^(3)。利用所构建的微孔陶瓷渗灌管道工作水头优化算法,对冬小麦、夏玉米和番茄3种典型密植型作物的微孔陶瓷渗灌管道工作水头进行了优化,推荐工作水头分别为0.423 m、0.529 m和0.642 m,研究结果可为微孔陶瓷渗灌管道的推广应用提供一定的科学依据。Infiltration irrigation is a subsurface water-saving irrigation technology which continuously inflates irrigation water into the soil of crop root zone through a porous medium.In this study,a microporous ceramic infiltration pipe was prepared using clay and slag as raw materials by growting method,resulting in excellent material properties and environmental friendliness.The soil water infiltration characteristics of microporous ceramic infiltration pipe were studied emphatically,and the working head optimization algorithm for microporous ceramic infiltration pipe was proposed with the goal of optimal root water matching.The results show that the flow rate of the microporous ceramic infiltration pipe decreases rapidly within 1 h,then stabilizes and reaches a constant flow state after 48 h.When the working head increases from 0.25 m to 0.75 m,the stable flow rate of the microporous ceramic infiltration pipe increases from 0.157 L/(h·m)to 0.270 L/(h·m).There is a significant linear positive correlation between the stable flow rate and the working head.The wetting body is a cylinder that is parallel to the soil surface.The soil water content on the wetting body profile gradually decreases along the wetting front migration direction.The wetting fronts in the vertical upward,vertical downward,and horizontal directions diffuse at a rate of 0.05 cm/h,0.08 cm/h,and 0.04 cm/h,respectively.The average soil water content in the wet body increased with the increase of the working head.The average soil water content in the wet body under the working head of 0.25 m,0.50 m,and 0.75 m was 0.243 cm^(3)/cm^(3),0.348 cm^(3)/cm^(3) and 0.406 cm^(3)/cm^(3),respectively.Using the constructed optimization algorithm of the working head of the microporous ceramic infiltration pipe,the working head of the microporous ceramic infiltration pipe for three typical dense planting crops of winter wheat,summer maize,and tomato were optimized.The recommended working heads are 0.423 m,0.529 m,and 0.642 m,respectively.The research results can prov

关 键 词：渗灌 微孔陶瓷 土壤水分入渗 工作水头 

分 类 号：S275.4[农业科学—农业水土工程]