不同滴灌施肥策略对植烟土壤水、盐运移及再分布的影响  

Effects of Different Fertigation Strategies on Soil Water and Salt Movement and Redistribution in Tobacco-growing Soil

作　　者：周方 席奇亮 薛刚[1] 徐世晓[1] 杨铁钊[1] ZHOU Fang;XI Qi-liang;XUE Gang;XU Shi-xiao;YANG Tie-zhao(College of Tobacco,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450002,China;China Tobacco Zhejiang Industrial Co,Ltd,Hangzhou 310008,China)

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学烟草学院,郑州450002 [2]浙江中烟工业有限责任公司,杭州310008

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2023年第11期99-106,114,共9页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：中国烟草总公司河南省公司项目“高香气特色品种选育与工业应用研究”(2021410000240021)。

摘　　要：探讨烟草专用液体肥在不同滴灌施肥策略下土壤中水、盐的分布,对水肥一体化滴灌方式下的水肥合理调控具有重要意义。设置CK(只滴肥料40 min)、W1(前期滴水20 min,中期滴肥40 min,后期滴水10 min)、W2(前期滴水30 min,中期滴肥40 min,后期滴水10 min)、W3(前期滴水40 min,中期滴肥40 min,后期滴水10 min)和W4(前期滴水30 min,中期滴肥40 min,后期滴水30 min)5个处理,分析了湿润锋的变化规律、特征点的土壤含水率、EC变化规律。结果表明:土壤中水、盐分布明显受肥料滴灌方式的影响。湿润锋的推移速率先是径向大于垂向,随着灌水时间和灌水量的增加,水平方向和垂直方向的湿润锋、含水率和EC值均趋于平衡。滴灌条件下,前期滴水时长对盐分在水平方向迁移的影响较大,后期滴水时长对盐分在垂直方向迁移影响较大。根据烤烟旺长期需水需肥特点前期滴水30 min中期滴肥40 min后期滴水30 min是较适宜于烤烟旺长期的滴肥方式。Experiment conducted to investigate soil water and salt movement and redistribution under different fertigation strategies for tobacco liquid fertilizer is of great significance for the rational regulation of water and fertilizer in integrated water and fertilizer management.The experiment compared five different treatments:CK(only drip fertilizer for 40 min)、W1(early dripping water 20 min,mid-term dripping fertilizer 40 min,late dripping water 10 min)、W2(early dripping water 30 min,mid-term dripping fertilizer 40 min,late dripping water 10 min)、W3(early dripping water 40 min,mid-term dripping fertilizer 40 min,late dripping water 10 min)and W4(early dripping water 30 min,mid-term dripping fertilizer 40 min,late dripping water 30 min).The study analyzed the changes in the wet front,soil moisture at characteristic points,and the variation in EC to understand the movement of water and salt in the soil.Results showed that the distribution of water and salt in the soil is obviously affected by fertigation strategies.Firstly,the radial movement of the wetting front was greater than the vertical movement.With the increase of irrigation time and irrigation volume,the wetting front,water moisture,and EC value tend to balance out in both horizontal and vertical directions.The duration of dripping in the early stage of fertigation has a greater impact on the migration of salt in the horizontal direction,while the dripping in the later period has a greater impact on the migration of salt in the vertical direction.Based on the long-term water and fertilizer requirements of flue-cured tobacco,a suitable fertigation strategy during the growth period would be to drip water for 30 minutes in the early stage,drip fertilizer for 40 minutes in the middle stage,and drip water for 30 minutes in the late stage.

关 键 词：滴灌方式 灌水量 水分 盐分 再分布 

分 类 号：S275.6[农业科学—农业水土工程]