基于本草著作与《伤寒杂病论》解析黄芩、黄连、黄柏功用  

Functions of Scutellariae Radix,Coptidis Rhizoma,and Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex in Materia Medica and Treatise on Febrile and Miscellaneous Diseases

作　　者：任丽江 孙长鑫 杨胜男 杨家熙 王萍[2] REN Lijiang;SUN Changxin;YANG Shengnan;YANG Jiaxi;WANG Ping(Beijing University of Chinese Medicine,Beijing 100029,China;Xiyuan Hospital,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Beijing 100091,China)

机构地区：[1]北京中医药大学,北京100029 [2]中国中医科学院西苑医院,北京100091

出　　处：《中国实验方剂学杂志》2023年第22期171-180,共10页Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae

基　　金：国家中医药管理局中医药古籍文献和特色技术传承专项(GZX-KJS-2020-33);国家中医药管理局“创新骨干人才”培养项目。

摘　　要：黄芩、黄连、黄柏又称“三黄”,“三黄”的三焦分类法不能全面解释其在经典名方中的应用。对历代本草著作进行整理,根据古籍将“三黄”的主治功用以宋金两朝为界分类讨论。宋以前本草,以《神农本草经》为核心按“三黄”主治疾病进行论述;金以后本草,以新医理阐释《神农本草经》中“三黄”主治。横向对比发现,“三黄”虽都能治疗热证、消化系统疾病及皮肤黏膜病,但侧重不同:黄芩善调火热证之气机不畅、气机逆乱,黄连能疗实火伴久泄脓血等脏腑虚损之疾,黄柏主治肠病、男女生殖系统疾病并能杀虫。此外对古籍中黄芩“除血闭”、黄连“厚肠”、黄柏“洗肝”等三黄主治差异进行罗列。对比分析《伤寒杂病论》中所有涉及“三黄”的条文,黄芩用于柴胡类方、黄连用于白头翁汤等方,黄柏用于栀子柏皮汤等方的组方思路与宋以前本草中“三黄”主治相重合。并结合现有临床及药理研究结果对古籍中三黄主治进行了验证。在临床中选用“三黄”时应多参考以宋以前本草认识,以达到精准用药的目的。Scutellariae Radix,Coptidis Rhizoma,and Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex are three commonly used Chinese herbal medicines,and their application in classic famous prescriptions cannot be fully explained by the triple energizer classification method.This study reviewed the ancient materia medica works and elaborated on the functions of the three herbal medicines before the Song dynasty and after the Jin dynasty.The works before the Song dynasty mainly introduced the diseases treated by the three herbal medicines according to the Shennong's Classic of Materia Medica(《神农本草经》),and the works after the Jin dynasty mainly expounded the indications of the three medicines in the Shennong's Classic of Materia Medica according to the new medical theory.Although all the three herbal medicines can treat heat syndrome,digestive system diseases,skin and mucosa diseases,they act on different targets.Scutellariae Radix can regulate Qi stagnation and reverse caused by the fire syndrome.Coptidis Rhizoma can treat excess fire and purulent bloody stool caused by the deficiency of Zang-fu organs.Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex mainly treats the diseases of the intestine and reproductive system and can kill parasites.In addition,this paper summarized the descriptions about the functions of Scutellariae Radix in eliminating blood blockage,Coptidis Rhizoma in protecting the intestine,and Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex in clearing the liver in ancient books.According to the sentences in the Treatise on Febrile and Miscellaneous Diseases(《伤寒杂病论》),the application of Scutellariae Radix in Chaihu prescriptions,Coptidis Rhizoma in Baitouweng Decoction,and Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex in Zhizi Baipi Decoction confirms to the indications of the three medicines in the materia medica works before the Song Dynasty.The existing clinical and pharmacological research results confirm the indications of the three herbal medicines in the ancient works.The clinical application of the three medicines should refer to the materia medici

关 键 词：黄芩 黄连 黄柏 历代本草 《伤寒杂病论》 药性 

分 类 号：R242[医药卫生—中医临床基础] R2-031[医药卫生—中医学] R287R28