白鹇对人类活动干扰的时空响应  

Spatiotemporal Response of Lophura nycthemera to Human Activity Disturbance

作　　者：刘伟[1] 宋新航 上官海平 王濡格 梁夏琼 黄琰彬 LIU Wei;SONG Xinhang;SHANGGUAN Haiping;WANG Ruge;LIANG Xiaqiong;HUANG Yanbin(College of Life Sciences,Henan Normal University,Xinxiang,Henan Province 453007,China;Management Bureau of Fujian Junzifeng National Nature Reserve,Sanming,Fujian Province 353000,China)

机构地区：[1]河南师范大学生命科学学院,河南新乡453007 [2]福建君子峰国家级自然保护区管理局,福建三明353000

出　　处：《四川动物》2023年第6期630-638,共9页Sichuan Journal of Zoology

基　　金：国家林业和草原局野生动物保护专项基金项目(闽财资环指[2019]15号)。

摘　　要：探究野生动物对人类活动干扰的响应有助于了解人类活动对野生动物的潜在影响,为保护提供科学参考。2019年8月—2020年7月,利用红外相机分析了福建君子峰国家级自然保护区内白鹇Lophura nycthemera对人类活动干扰的时空响应。结果显示:共布设红外相机101台,有效工作日32 825 d,白鹇有效照片2 249张,人类活动有效照片147张;白鹇的占域率随距道路距离的增加而显著升高(P<0.05);探测率随人口密度的升高而显著降低(P<0.05),随坡度的增加而显著升高(P<0.05);回避-吸引指数显著大于1(P<0.05),白鹇再次出现在相同区域的时间间隔随人类活动的出现而显著延长;白鹇与人类活动时间重叠度指数较高但仍有显著的时间分化(P<0.05);相比于无人类活动的位点(n=52),在有人类活动的位点中(n=37),白鹇日活动高峰(07∶00—08∶00)的出现频率显著增加(P<0.05),明显回避了人类日活动高峰(09∶00—10∶00)。这表明人类活动显著影响了白鹇在空间和时间上对栖息地的利用,管理部门应着手限制保护区内的人类活动,减少对野生动物的影响。Exploring wildlife responses to human activity interference in reserves contributes to understanding the poten‐tial impact of human interference on wildlife,and provides a scientific reference for wildlife conservation.In this study,in‐frared camera detection technology was used to analyze the spatial and temporal responses of the silver pheasant(Lophura nycthemera)to human interference in Fujian Junzifeng National Nature Reserve from August 2019 to July 2020.The re‐sults showed that:(1)a total of 101 camera capture stations were deployed,with an effective working day of 32825 cam‐era days.There were 2249 independent detections of L.nycthemera and 147 independent detections of human activities.(2)The occupancy rate of L.nycthemera significantly increased with the increase in distance from the road(P<0.05).Moreover,the detection rate significantly decreased with the increase in population density(P<0.05)and increased signifi‐cantly with slope increasing(P<0.05).(3)The avoidance-attraction ratio was significantly greater than 1(P<0.05),and the time interval for L.nycthemera to reappear in the same area significantly increased with the appearance of human activi‐ties.(4)The overlap index of time between L.nycthemera and human activities was high but still significantly differenti‐ated(P<0.05).Compared to the sites without human activity(n=52),the frequency of L.nycthemera’s daily activity peak(07∶00-08∶00)significantly increased(P<0.05)in the sites with human activity(n=37).This study indicates that human activities have a significant impact on the spatial and temporal utilization of the habitat by L.nycthemera.As a re‐sult,management authorities should implement restrictions on human activities to minimize their impact on wildlife.

关 键 词：白鹇 红外相机 占域模型 回避-吸引指数 日活动节律 

分 类 号：Q958.1[生物学—动物学] Q959.7