不同树形对顶坛花椒生长及产量与品质的影响  

Effects of Different Tree Shapes on Growth,Yield and Quality of Zanthoxylum planispinum var.dingtanensis

作　　者：娄丽 王港 杨明艳 朱佳敏 卢中科 韦昌盛 LOU Li;WANG Gang;YANG Mingyan;ZHU Jiamin;LU Zhongke;WEI Changsheng(Guizhou Institute of Walnut,Guiyang,Guizhou 550005;Guizhou Academy of Forestry,Guiyang,Guizhou 550005;Zhenfeng Forestry Bureau,Zhenfeng,Guizhou 562299,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州省核桃研究所,贵州贵阳550005 [2]贵州省林业科学研究院,贵州贵阳550005 [3]贞丰县林业局,贵州贞丰562299

出　　处：《贵州农业科学》2023年第11期77-84,共8页Guizhou Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：贵州省林业科研课题“黔椒1号花椒良种高效栽培技术研究”[黔林科合(2021)01];贵州省科技计划支撑项目[黔科合支撑(2022)一般118,黔科合支撑(2021)222];中央财政林业改革发展资金项目“顶坛花椒标准化管理”[(2021)TG05];贵州省林业特色林业产业项目(特林研2020-18)。

摘　　要：【目的】探索顶坛花椒优质高产的适宜树形,为贵州花椒产业高质量发展提供理论依据。【方法】以顶坛花椒为研究对象,对比分析3种树体结构(开心形、圆头形和丛状形)对花椒产量和品质的影响,并采用主成分分析进行综合评价。【结果】开心形的冠幅(4.34 m×3.79 m)、中枝数(39条)、总枝数(66条)、产量(9.32 kg/株)及鲜椒果穗性状(果穗长8.35 cm,宽4.13 cm,重18.71 g,果穗粒数93粒)均最大;圆头形的主干高(63.58 cm)、长枝数(37条)及树冠投影面积平均产量(1.45 kg/m^(2))均最大;丛状形的树高(3.00 m)和基径(8.13 cm)最大。3种树形花椒的色泽为-7.45~5.57,挥发油含量为8.1~8.9 mL/100g,麻味物质为6.12%~6.62%,3个指标均无显著差异。开心形树形利于花椒产量和花椒果穗增加,各树形的综合排名为开心形(2.962)>丛状形(-0.295)>圆头形(-1.212)。【结论】栽培顶坛花椒的适宜树形为开心形。【Objective】The suitable tree shape of Zanthoxylum planispinum var.dingtanensis for its high quality and high yield was discussed to provide the theoretical basis for high quality development of Z.planispinum industry in Guizhou.【Method】The effects of three tree structures(open centre shape,round head shape and cluster shape)on yield and quality of Z.planispinum var.dingtanensis were studied and then 24 traits were comprehensively evaluated by principal component analysis(PCA).【Result】The canopy,medium-branch number,total branches,yield per plant,spike length,spike width,spike weight and grains per spike of Z.planispinum var.dingtanensis with an open centre shape could reach 4.34 m×3.79 m,39,66,9.32 kg/plant,8.35 cm,4.13 cm,18.71 g and 93 respectively.The trunk height,long-branch number and average yield per unit canopy projection area of Z.planispinum var.dingtanensis with a round head shape could reach 63.58 cm,37 and 1.45 kg/m^(2) separately.The tree height and ground diameter of Z.planispinum var.dingtanensis with a cluster shape could reach 3.00 m and 8.13 cm respectively.The chromatic aberration value,volatile oil content and numbing content of Z.planispinum var.dingtanensis with three different tree shapes were-7.45-5.57,8.1-8.9 mL/100g and 6.12%-6.62%respectively but there were no significant differences in three indexes among three different tree shapes in Z.planispinum var.dingtanensis.The open center shape was beneficial to increase yield and spikes of Z.planispinum var.dingtanensis.The comprehensive evaluation score of three tree shapes was the open center shape(2.962)>the cluster shape(-0.295)>the round head shape(-1.212).【Conclusion】The optimal tree shape was the open centre shape in cultivation of Z.planispinum var.dingtanensis.

关 键 词：顶坛花椒 树形 产量 品质 主成分分析 

分 类 号：S573.9[农业科学—作物学]