中华猕猴桃雄株花器的性状特征  

Morphological Characteristics of Male Actinidia chinensis Floral Organ

作　　者：梁艳萍[1] 莫沙 陈瑶[1] 李坤明[1] LIANG Yanping;MO Sha;CHEN Yao;LI Kunming(Horticultural Research Institute,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Kunming,Yunnan 620205;College of Horticulture,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha,Hunan 410128,China)

机构地区：[1]云南省农业科学院园艺作物研究所,云南昆明620205 [2]湖南农业大学园艺学院,湖南长沙410128

出　　处：《贵州农业科学》2023年第11期126-132,共7页Guizhou Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家科技部、财政部国家科技资源共享服务平台项目“国家园艺种质云南特有果树及砧木分库运行服务项目”(NHGRC2022-NH19);农业农村部科技计划项目“特有果树及砧木种质资源安全保存”(19230833),“普查资源协助繁种编目入圃--云南特有果树及砧木种质资源繁种编目入圃”(19230795)。

摘　　要：【目的】探明中华猕猴桃雄株花器性状特征,为中华猕猴桃优势雄株资源筛选、保存及在生产上应用提供理论依据。【方法】以国家果树种质云南特有果树及砧木圃保存的XZ-1、XZ-25及XZ-44等27份中华猕猴桃雄株为材料,采用流式细胞仪检测倍性,通过观察雄株花器表型性状(花序类型、花瓣形状及花冠类型等9个)和测量数量性状(花朵花冠直径、花梗长度及花瓣数量等8个),结合变异分析和聚类分析研究其雄株花器性状特征。【结果】27份中华猕猴桃雄株均为四倍体。花器描述型性状较一致,雄株花序均为聚伞花序,花瓣椭圆形,6~7瓣,基部大部分重叠;花萼绿色,5~6个;花瓣内侧主色有黄、黄白、白及橙色;花丝白色(XZ-37淡绿色除外);花药长椭圆形,黄色。花朵花梗长度、花粉量、花粉生活力和离体萌发率存在明显差异,各指标的变异系数为32.65%、26.32%、34.14%和70.00%。对其花粉量、花粉生活力和离体萌发率进行聚类分析,可将27份中华猕猴桃雄株分为4类:第Ⅰ类花粉量和花粉生活力高,但花粉离体萌发率低,包括XZ-25、XZ-1、XZ-20和XZ-16等共13个雄株;第Ⅱ类花粉量、花粉生活力和花粉离体萌发率均较低,包括XZ-4、XZ-3和XZ-10等共4个雄株;第Ⅲ类花粉量、花粉生活力和离体萌发率均较高,包括XZ-44、XZ-35和XZ-19等共8个雄株;第Ⅳ类花粉生活力和花粉离体萌发率高,但是花粉量低,包括XZ-37和XZ-42共2个雄株。【结论】27份中华猕猴桃雄株花器性状变异丰富,其中8个雄株(XZ-44、XZ-35、XZ-19、XZ-34、XZ-29、XZ-13、XZ-9和XZ-8)花粉量、花粉生活力及离体萌发率均较高,可作为与其花期相遇的中华猕猴桃品种授粉候选资源。【Objective】The morphological traits of male Actinidia chinensis floral organ were evaluated to provide the theoretical reference for the selection,conservation and utilization in the production of dominant male A.chinensis.【Method】Taking 27 male A.chinensis plants such as XZ-1,XZ-25 and XZ-44 preserved in Yunnan unique fruit and rootstock nursery of national fruit germplasm as material,the ploidy was identified by flow cytometry.Based on the observation of nine phenotypic traits such as inflorescence types,petal shape,corolla type and measurement of eight quantitative traits such as corolla diameter,pedicel length,petal quantity of male floral organ,the morphological traits of floral organ in male plants were studied by variation analysis and cluster analysis.【Result】All 27 male A.chinensis plants were tetraploids.The descriptive characters of floral organs were consistent.The male plants were featured with cyme,oval petal with the number of 6-7 petals and most of bases overlapping;The calyx was green with the number of 5-6;The main color of inside petals was yellow,yellow-white,white and orange;The filament was white(except light green of XZ-37);The anther was oblong oval with yellow.There were significant differences in pedicel length,pollen amount,pollen viability and in vitro pollen germination rate of flowers with the variation coefficient of 32.65%,26.32%,34.14%and 70.00%.Through the cluster analysis of pollen amount,pollen viability and in vitro pollen germination rate,27 male plants were divided into four groups:GroupⅠwith more pollen amount,high pollen viability and low in vitro pollen germination rate included 13 male plants such as XZ-25,XZ-1,XZ-20 and XZ-16;GroupⅡwith less pollen amount,low pollen viability and low in vitro pollen germination rate included 4 male plants such as XZ-4,XZ-3 and XZ-10;GroupⅢwith more pollen amount,high pollen viability and high in vitro pollen germination rate included 8 male plants such as XZ-44,XZ-35 and XZ-19;GroupⅣwith high pollen viability,high in

关 键 词：中华猕猴桃 花期 花器性状 表型性状 数量性状 花粉量 生活力 离体萌发率 

分 类 号：S663.4[农业科学—果树学]