一封家书背后的社会史——关于日本天理图书馆藏黑水城元代书信的考察  

The social history behind a family letter——an examination of the Yuan-Dynasty correspondences from Khara Khoto in the collection of Tenri Central Library

作　　者：杜立晖[1] 张良 Du Lihui;Z hang Liang

机构地区：[1]山东师范大学历史文化学院、齐鲁文化研究院 [2]山东师范大学历史文化学院

出　　处：《西域研究》2023年第4期29-38,167,共11页The Western Regions Studies

基　　金：国家社科基金重点项目“日本天理图书馆所藏敦煌黑水城汉文文献整理与研究”(项目编号:20AZS003)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：日本天理图书馆所藏的一封黑水城元代家书,是目前所知保存最为完整的元代书信原件。由此发现,元代家书的书写虽遵循家书的“规范”,但又多有灵活的处理。元代亦集乃路的日用商品中有一大部分是贩运自甘州路,元后期亦集乃路商团的出现,表明至此时该路的商业已有所发展。元后期西北地区的商品价格是江浙一带相关商品价格的1~2倍,甚至更多,而该地区商品的运输继续采用自西夏以来的“般驮”形式。同时,家书还展现了元代甘州路犹太人众多、犹太教非常兴盛的状况。A Yuan Dynasty family letter from Khara Khoto in the collection of Tenri Central Library,Japan is the most well-preserved original document of Yuan Dynasty correspondences.This informs us that although the writing of Yuan Dynasty family letter generally conformed to the"standards"of this genre,it had also displayed many flexible ajustments.A large part of the daily necessities in Yi-ji-nai Lu(亦集乃路)were traded from Gan-zhou Lu(甘州路),while the emergence of Yijinai merchant guild during the late Yuan Dynasty indicates that the commerce in this lùuhad already thrived at this time.During the latter years of Yuan Dynasty,the price of commodities in the North-west region was once or twice the amount of their counterparts in Jiangsu and Zhejiang areas,sometimes even more;yet the commodities in this region kept being carried through"Bān-tuó"(般驮),a means of transportation that had been utilised since the Western Xia period.At the same time,the family letter also demonstrates the abundance of Jewish people and the flourishing of Judaism in the Gan-zhou lùof Yuan Dynasty.

关 键 词：日本天理图书馆 黑水城文献 元代家书 般驮 甘州路 犹太教 

分 类 号：K877[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]