露天煤矿排土场疏干水灌溉中草药试验研究  

Experimental study on Chinese herbal medicine for irrigation with drained water on the dump site of open pit coal mine

作　　者：高天明[1,2] 张瑞强[1,2] 冯秀 王丽霞 GAO Tianming;ZHANG Ruiqiang;FENG Xiu;WANG Lixia(Yinshanbeilu Grassland Eco-hydrology National Observation and Research Station,China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100038,China;Institute of Water Resources for Pastoral Area,MWR,Hohhot 010020,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水利水电科学研究院内蒙古阴山北麓草原生态水文国家野外科学观测研究站,北京100038 [2]水利部牧区水利科学研究所,内蒙古呼和浩特010020

出　　处：《中国矿业》2023年第11期80-86,共7页China Mining Magazine

基　　金：内蒙古自治区科技重大专项项目资助(编号:2020ZD0020);鄂尔多斯市科技重大专项项目资助(编号:2021ZD社37-3);内蒙古科技计划项目资助(编号:2021GG0060)。

摘　　要：为了探究露天煤矿排土场灌溉疏干水种植中草药的可行性问题,采用室内发芽试验和大田试验的方法,在鄂尔多斯市武家塔露天煤矿排土场,以疏干水为灌溉水源种植黄芪和甘草,开展种子萌发、生长发育、药材品质、经济效益等方面的研究。结果表明:煤矿疏干水不存在有毒物和重金属超标,但总盐分含量超标25%。随着浇灌疏干水次数的增加,黄芪和甘草种子萌发的影响也逐渐增大,当浇水超过3次,使盐浓度超过0.75%时,会显著抑制种子的萌发。采用少量灌溉+施用保水剂的方法可以保障大田试验区黄芪和甘草植株能够正常生长发育。露天煤矿排土场地块孤立、干燥多风的环境抑制了病虫害的传播。黄芪和甘草药用根品质符合标准,可以作为药材安全使用。露天煤矿排土场利用疏干水灌溉黄芪和甘草具有一定的经济效益。研究成果为矿区产业结构调整提供了一种生态效益和经济效益双赢的模式。In order to explore the feasibility of Chinese herbal medicine planting on the dump site of open pit coal mine irrigating with drained water,using the methods of indoor germination test and field test,on the dump site of Wujiata Open Pit Coal Mine in Ordos,Astragalus membranaceus var.mongholicus and Glycyrrhiza uralensis are planted with drained water,seed germination,growth and development,medicinal materials quality,economic benefits are researched.The results show that there are no toxic substances and heavy metals,but the total salt content exceeds the standard by 25%in coal mine drained water.With the increase of the times of watering,the influence of seed germination increases gradually,when the salt concentration exceeds 0.75% after 3 times of watering,the germination of seeds are inhibited significantly.The method of small amount of irrigation+water retention agent can ensure the normal growth and development of Astragalus membranaceus var.mongholicus and Glycyrrhiza uralensis.In addition,the isolated,dry and windy environment of the dump site of open pit coal mine inhibits the spread of plant diseases and pests.The medicinal root quality meets the standard,can be used safely as medicinal materials.Using drainage water to irrigate Astragalus membranaceus var.mongholicus and Glycyrrhiza uralensis in the dump site of open pit coal mine has certain economic benefits.The research results provide a mode for the adjustment of industrial structure in mining area,which has both ecological and economic benefits.

关 键 词：露天煤矿 排土场 疏干水 中草药 灌溉 

分 类 号：TD824[矿业工程—煤矿开采] S157.1[矿业工程—矿山开采]