清末民初中国的币制改革  

Coinage Reform in the Late Qing and Early Republic of China

作　　者：熊昌锟[1] Xiong Changkun

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院经济研究所,北京100836

出　　处：《中国社会科学》2023年第10期183-203,208,共22页Social Sciences in China

摘　　要：清末民初中国的币制改革深受资本主义全球化及国际金本位体系的裹挟,由各方势力共谋促成。国际金本位体系建立后,中国在偿付外债、赔款时承受巨额镑亏,对外贸易遭受巨大逆差,中国意图通过币制改革解决财政和贸易问题。为了消除关税摩擦、便利通商,扩大在华利益,英、美、日等国要求中国统一币制。清政府希望借助外部势力,收归货币发行权。币制改革正式开启后,中国向美国、日本寻求帮助并向国际银行团借款。然而在引入外国势力后,币制改革逐渐丧失了独立性。各国企图利用币制借款及附加条件,主导中国币制改革进程,干预中国内政。清末民初的币制改革均试图建立中央权威的货币制度,但受制于国力及国际因素,最终未能成功。The coinage reform in the late Qing and early Republic of China was driven by the globalization of capitalism and the international gold standard system,and was facilitated by the complicity of various forces.After the establishment of the international gold standard system,China had been suffering huge sterling deficits in the repayment of foreign debts and indemnities,and huge deficits in international trade,and China intended to solve its financial and trade problems through coinage reform.In order to eliminate tariff friction,facilitate trade and expand their interests in China,Britain,the United States and Japan demanded that China unify its monetary system.The Qing government hoped to regain the right to issue currency through external forces.After the official launch of the coinage reform,China sought help from the United States and Japan and borrowed money from an international banking syndicate.However,after the intervention of foreign powers,China gradually lost its independence on the reform.Foreign powers attempted to dominate the process of reform and intervene in China's internal affairs by making use of special loans and attaching conditions.The coinage reform in the late Qing and early Republic of China attempted to establish a centralized monetary system,but were ultimately unsuccessful due to national and international factors.

关 键 词：币制改革 财政 汇率 国际因素 

分 类 号：F822.9[经济管理—财政学] K25[历史地理—历史学]