面向人工智能时代的著作权法拟制作者理论重构  

The Theory of Constructive Author in Copyright Law for the Age of Artificial Intelligence

作　　者：吕炳斌[1] Lu Bingbin

机构地区：[1]南京大学法学院,南京210023

出　　处：《南京社会科学》2023年第10期90-103,共14页Nanjing Journal of Social Sciences

摘　　要：人工智能时代著作权法面临的最大挑战莫过于“作者”的身份问题。对此,一种优选方案是采取“拟制作者”的进路。著作权法中“拟制作者”的传统理论因法人作品而生,以经济色彩颇浓的“投资保护论”为主调,这难以为人工智能创作的著作权归属提供合理且充分的理论支撑。在投资关系的背后,可升华和提炼出“创新过程控制论”。“拟制作者”的正当性基础不是金钱投资,而是其享有的对创新过程的控制。这一改进版的新理论在本质上契合财产法原理和知识产权法的创新激励理论,是对作品权利配置的体系化和理性化解释。面对新问题,这一新理论具有很强的可适性。以当下著作权法面临的人工智能创作问题为例,人工智能创作仍是人类控制的创新过程,人工智能作品的权利应当配置给对创新过程施加控制的自然人或法人。The biggest challenge facing copyright law in the age of artificial intelligence is the issue of""author".In this regard,one of the preferred solutions is to adopt the"constructive author"approach.The traditional theory of"constructive author"in copyright law was born from legal person's works,and is dominated by"investment protection theory"with strong economic color,which is difficult to provide reasonable and sufficient theoretical support for the attribution of copyright of AI creations.Behind the investment relationship,it can be sublimated and distilled into the"creative process control theory".The basis of legitimacy for"constructive author"is not monetary investment,but the control over the innovation process.This improved version of the new theory is essentially in line with the principles of property law and the theory of innovation incentives in intellectual property law,and is a systematic and rationalized explanation of the allocation of rights to works.In the face of new problems,this new theory is highly adaptable.Taking the problem of artificial intelligence creation faced by the current copyright law as an example,artificial intelligence creation is still a creative process controlled by human beings,and the rights of artificial intelligence works should be attributed to the natural or legal person who exerts control over the creative process.

关 键 词：人工智能 著作权 作者 拟制作者 创新过程控制论 

分 类 号：DF523[政治法律—民商法学]