添加剂对污泥堆肥过程中气体排放和酶活性的影响  

Effects of the additives on gas emission and enzyme activities during sludge composting

作　　者：葛启隆 王国英[2] 侯瑞 张静[1] GE Qi-long;WANG Guo-ying;HOU Rui;ZHANG Jing(Department of Architecture and Environmental Engineering,Taiyuan University,Taiyuan 030032,China;College of Environmental Science and Engineering,Taiyuan University of Technology,Taiyuan 030024,China;South China Sea Institute of Oceanology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,g uangzhou 510301,China)

机构地区：[1]太原学院建筑与环境工程系,山西太原030032 [2]太原理工大学环境科学与工程学院,山西太原030024 [3]中国科学院南海海洋研究所,广东广州510301

出　　处：《中国环境科学》2023年第11期5873-5883,共11页China Environmental Science

基　　金：山西省高等学校科技创新项目(2020L0721);山西省基础研究计划项目项目(202103021223009)。

摘　　要：针对市政污泥与秸秆混合在传统堆肥过程中温室气体排放量与氮损失量较高的问题,采用玉米秸秆生物炭(CSB)与煤矸石基沸石(ZL)联合堆肥,为减少堆肥过程中CH_(4)、NH_(3)、N_(2)O气体排放.将10%的CSB与0%、10%、20%、30%的ZL混合(百分比为添加剂与污泥秸秆混合物质量之比),同时,无添加剂作为对照组,结果表明,与对照组相比,CSB与ZL联合添加(记为10%CSB+ZL)显著提高了堆肥过程中温度和pH值,增加了堆肥有机质降解,且降解速率高于对照组和10%CSB处理.两种添加剂联合添加降低了堆肥过程中氮损失,10%CSB+10%ZL、10%CSB+20%ZL、10%CSB+30%ZL处理中CH_(4)、NH_(3)、N_(2)O累积排放量比对照组分别降低87.81%~90.87%、41.61%~57.45%、85.01%~94.92%,CO_(2)累积排放量比对照组提高55.45%~86.55%;同时,在堆肥过程中脱氢酶、蛋白酶、木聚糖酶、磷酸酶活性增强.生物炭作为膨松剂,提高堆肥孔隙率促进微生物生长和相关酶活性提高,煤矸石基沸石通过吸附减少气体排放,10%CSB+20%ZL处理通过减少堆肥过程中CH_(4)、NH_(3)、N_(2)O排放速率实现降低氮损失的效果最佳.In response to the issue of elevated greenhouse gas emissions and nitrogen loss during the conventional co-composting of municipal sludge and straw blends,the combined addition of corn straw biochar(CSB)and coal gangue-based zeolite(ZL)was employed.To mitigate emissions of CH_(4),NH_(3) and N_(2)O during the composting process,10%CSB was mixed with varying proportions of ZL(0%,10%,20%and 30%)based on the mass ratio of additives to the sludge and corn straw mixture.Meanwhile,an untreated control group was concurrently maintained.The findings revealed that the co-application of CSB and ZL(marked as 10%CSB+ZL)led to a significant augmentation in composting temperature and pH value in comparison to the control.This enhancement facilitated enhanced degradation of organic matter within the compost,with the degradation rates surpassing those observed in both the control group and 10%CSB treatment.The simultaneous application of these two addition agents yielded a reduction in the nitrogen loss during the composting process.Compared with the control,the cumulative emission of CH_(4),NH_(3) and N_(2)O in the 10%CSB+10%ZL,10%CSB+20%ZL,10%CSB+30%ZL treatments decreased by percentages ranging from 87.81%to 90.87%、41.61%to 57.45%、85.01%to 94.92%,respectively,The cumulative emission of CO_(2) in these treatments exhibited a substantial increase,ranging from 55.45%to 86.55%relative to the control.Furthermore,enzymatic activities,including dehydrogenase,protease,xylanase and phosphatise,experienced augmentation during the composting process.Biochar functioned as a bulking agent,increasing compost porosity to stimulate microbial growth and bolster related enzymatic activities.Coal gangue-based zeolite contributed to gas emission reduction through an adsorption mechanism.The 10%CSB+20%ZL treatment emerged as the most effective strategy in decreasing nitrogen losses,primarily by curtailing the emission rates of CH_(4),NH_(3) and N_(2)O during the composting process.

关 键 词：脱水污泥 玉米秸秆 堆肥 生物炭 煤矸石基沸石 氮保留 

分 类 号：X703.5[环境科学与工程—环境工程]