清代档案文献知识重组研究——以清代文官官制为例  

Research on the Knowledge Reorganization of Archival Documents of the Qing Dynasty:Taking the Civil Official System of the Qing Dynasty as an Example

作　　者：宋雪雁[1] 张伟民 邢阁 赵妮 赵小旭 Song Xueyan;Zhang Weimin;Xing Ge;Zhao Ni;Zhao Xiaoxu(School of Business and Management,Jilin University,Changchun 130012)

机构地区：[1]吉林大学商学与管理学院,长春130012

出　　处：《图书情报工作》2023年第20期4-14,共11页Library and Information Service

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“数据驱动的档案文献资源知识构建与知识服务研究”(项目编号:21BTQ109)研究成果之一。

摘　　要：[目的/意义]清代档案文献承载着清代的历史记忆,对清代档案文献进行知识重组,解决内容晦涩、利用门槛高的困境,有助于深入剖析其中反映的社会现象。[方法/过程]构建清代档案文献知识重组框架,依次进行语料采集、知识建模、知识抽取、知识融合、知识存储,实现知识重组,并对知识重组的结果进行分析。[结果/结论]研究发现,《钦定大清会典事例》对清代文官之间升任关系记载较为详细,但对升班之外的关系描述较少甚至缺失;所记载的文官官制以满洲缺和汉缺为主,且中下品级官职数量汉缺远多于满洲缺,而在重要职位的设置上满洲缺与汉缺近似;清代文官官制既保证低级官职任命的灵活性,又在一定程度上避免高品级官员的冗滥;同一品级官职可能因地域、部院等导致职位高低、权力大小的差异。[Purpose/Significance]The archival documents of the Qing Dynasty embody the historical memory of the era.Knowledge reorganization can effectively solve the dilemma of obscure content and high utilization threshold,which helps to deeply analyze the social phenomena reflected in them.[Method/Process]This paper established the framework of knowledge reorganization of archival documents in the Qing Dynasty,and implemented it by successive corpus collection,knowledge modeling,knowledge extraction,knowledge fusion,and knowledge storage,and analyzed the results.[Result/Conclusion]The study finds that Examples of the Imperial Qing Festival has provided a more detailed record of the promotion relationship between civil officials in the Qing Dynasty,but there are limited or even missing descriptions of the relationship beyond the promotion.The recorded civil official system is mainly characterized by Manchu and Han nationalities.The number of middle and lower grade official positions in Han is much more than that in Manchu,while the number in important positions is similar to each other.The civil official system in the Qing Dynasty not only ensured the flexibility of the appointment of low-level officials,but also avoided the redundancy of high-level officials to a certain extent.Differences in the level of position and power of officials at the same level may arise due to regions,departments,and academies.

关 键 词：清代档案文献 知识重组 文官官制 

分 类 号：G273.5[文化科学—档案学]