铜陵市第二产业劳动者抑郁情绪危险因素探讨  

Investigation on depression and related risk factors among workers in the secondary industry of Tongling City

作　　者：张乾驰[1] 周毅 孟园园 ZHANG Qianchi;ZHOU Yi;MEMG Yuanyuan(Tongling Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Tongling,Anhui 244000,China)

机构地区：[1]铜陵市疾病预防控制中心,安徽铜陵244000

出　　处：《职业卫生与应急救援》2023年第5期547-551,共5页Occupational Health and Emergency Rescue

基　　金：2022年中央财政卫生健康补助资金(皖财社〔2021〕1346号)。

摘　　要：目的探讨铜陵市第二产业一线劳动者抑郁情绪及其危险因素,为铜陵市防治职业人群心理问题提供依据。方法2022年7—9月,采用简单方便抽样法选取铜陵市第二产业(非金属矿采选业、橡胶和塑料制品业、金属矿物制品业,以及纺织、服装、服饰业企业)9家用人单位389名一线劳动者作为研究对象,使用中国疾病预防控制中心制定的重点人群职业健康素养监测与干预调查表进行不记名问卷调查。采用多因素logistic回归模型分析探讨劳动者发生抑郁情绪的危险因素。结果389名第二产业一线劳动者抑郁情绪检出率为14.40%,有睡眠障碍的123名(占31.62%)。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示:劳动者的年龄每增加1岁,其发生抑郁情绪异常的风险提高至1.04倍(95%CI:1.01~1.07);相对每周工作时间≤40 h的劳动者,每周工作时间>48 h的劳动者发生抑郁情绪异常的风险提高至4.29倍(95%CI:1.44~12.78);相对于无焦虑情绪的劳动者,有焦虑情绪的劳动者发生抑郁情绪异常的风险提高至10.49倍(95%CI:5.52~19.94)。婚姻状况、文化程度、月收入、所在企业性质、具体的行业以及是否有睡眠障碍都不是劳动者抑郁情绪的危险因素。结论长工时劳动者,特别是流水化作业的劳动密集型企业员工易发生抑郁情绪。用人单位应关注和重视年龄较大、工作时间较长的员工,改善组织管理制度,科学合理安排劳动时间,减少员工焦虑和抑郁情绪的发生。Objective To investigate the depressive symptoms and risk factors among frontline workers in the secondary industry in Tongling City in order to provide a basis for the prevention of psychological problems among occupational populations in Tongling City.Methods By convenience sampling method,389 frontline workers from 9 enterprises in the secondary industry,namely non-metal mining and dressing industry,rubber and plastic products industry,metal mineral products industry,and textile and garment enterprises,in Tongling City from July to September 2022 were anonymously surveyed with the Monitoring and Intervention Questionnaire for Occupational Health Literacy of Key Populations developed by the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention.Multivariable logistic regression models were used to analyze the risk factors for depressive symptoms among these workers.Results The prevalence of depressive symptoms among 389 frontline workers in the secondary industry was 14.40%,while 123 individuals(31.62%)had sleep disturbances.Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that for every 1-year increase in the age of workers,the risk of abnormal depressive symptoms increased by 1.04 times(95%CI:1.01-1.07);compared with workers with weekly working hours≤40 h,those with weekly working hours>48 h had an increased risk of abnormal depressive symptoms by 4.29 times(95%CI:1.44-12.78);compared with workers without anxiety,those with anxiety had an increased risk of abnormal depressive symptoms by 10.49 times(95%CI:5.52-19.94).Marital status,education level,monthly income,enterprise character,industry type,and the presence or absence of sleep disturbances were not risk factors for depressive symptoms among these workers.Conclusions Frontline workers with longer weekly working hours,specifically in labor-intensive enterprises with assembly line operations,were prone to having depressive symptoms.The enterprises should pay attention to older employees and those with longer working hours,improve organizational management sy

关 键 词：第二产业 抑郁情绪 焦虑 年龄 周工作时间 睡眠障碍 

分 类 号：R135[医药卫生—劳动卫生]