2013—2022年江苏省职业性眼病病例特征分析  

Characteristics of diagnosed cases with occupational eye diseases in Jiangsu Province from 2013 to 2022

作　　者：朱文静[1] 高茜茜[1] 韩磊[1] 赵圆[1] ZHU Wenjing;GAO Qianqian;HAN Lei;ZHAO Yuan(Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210009,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏省疾病预防控制中心,江苏南京210009

出　　处：《职业卫生与应急救援》2023年第5期563-566,共4页Occupational Health and Emergency Rescue

摘　　要：目的了解江苏省职业性眼病病例的分布特点,对存在的问题探讨原因并提出对策。方法收集2013—2022年中国疾病预防控制中心职业病报告系统中江苏省职业性眼病诊断病例,建立数据库,并对数据进行统计分析。结果2013—2022年全省职业病诊断机构共诊断职业性眼病199例,其中职业性化学性眼灼伤125例,占62.81%;职业性白内障70例,占35.18%;电光性眼炎4例,占2.01%。职业性眼病病例诊断时平均年龄(49.69±15.47)岁,接害工龄中位数为5(1.00,15.00)年。男性占94.47%,女性占5.53%,男女比例17.09∶1。职业性化学性眼灼伤致病因素主要为氢氧化钠、氟化氢、氯化氢和盐酸,分别占41.60%、16.80%、12.00%。行业分布以制造业为主,占85.93%,其中以纺织及印染加工业、金属制品业、化学原料和化学制品制造业、炸药及火工产品制造、设备制造业为主。江苏省13个地市中的12个地市有职业性眼病病例,主要分布在无锡、南京、徐州等地。企业分布以中小型私有经济类型企业为主。结论江苏省职业性眼病诊断数量总体平稳,偶有群发,且有行业地区集中性。应根据职业性眼病的发病特点,结合不同行业地区的情况,加强职业健康宣教及监管,减少职业性眼病的发生。Objective To understand the characteristics of diagnosed cases with occupational eye disease in Jiangsu Province from 2013 to 2022,explore the causes of existing problems,and propose countermeasures.Methods Data on diagnosed cases of occupational eye disease from 2013 to 2022 in Jiangsu Province were abstracted from the occupational disease reporting system of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention.A database was established,and the statistical analysis was done.Results From 2013 to 2022,a total of 199 cases of occupational eye diseases were diagnosed by occupational disease diagnosis institutions in Jiangsu province.Among them,125 cases(62.81%)were diagnosed as occupational chemical eye burns,70 cases(35.18%)as occupational cataracts,and 4 cases(2.01%)as electro-optic ophthalmitis.The mean age at diagnosis of occupational eye disease was(49.69±15.47)years,with a median working time of 5(1.0,15.0)years.Male cases accounted for 94.47%,while female cases accounted for 5.53%,with a male-tofemale ratio of 17.09∶1.The main causative factors for occupational chemical eye burns were sodium hydroxide,hydrogen fluoride,hydrogen chloride,and hydrochloric acid,accounting for 41.60%,16.80%,and 12.00%,respectively.The majority of cases were from the manufacturing industry,accounting for 85.93%,including textile and dyeing industries,metal products manufacturing,chemical raw materials and chemical products manufacturing,explosives and fire products manufacturing,and equipment manufacturing.The cases were reported in 12 out of 13 prefectures or cities in Jiangsu Province,mainly in Wuxi,Nanjing,and Xuzhou.The cases were mainly from small and medium-sized private-sector enterprises.Conclusions The number of diagnosed cases with occupational eye disease in Jiangsu Province was generally kept stable,with occasional and/or concentrated clusters in certain industries and regions.Occupational health education and supervision should be strengthened based on the characteristics of occupational eye diseases and the spec

关 键 词：职业性眼病 职业性白内障 职业性化学性眼灼伤 电光性眼炎 

分 类 号：R135.92[医药卫生—劳动卫生]