北京市6个社区老年人多维度照护需求的调查与分析  

A survey and analysis of multi-dimensional care needs of the elderly in six Beijing communities

作　　者：倪晓琳 杨泽[1] 曾毅[2] 李曼 姚尧 孙亮[1] 蔡剑平[1] Ni Xiaolin;Yang Ze;Zeng Yi;Li Man;Yao Yao;Sun Liang;Cai Jianping(The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics,Beijing Institute of Geriatrics,Beijing Hospital,National Center of Gerontology,National Health Commission,Institute of Geriatric Medicine,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences,Beijing 100730,China;School of National Development,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China;School of Sociology,Soochow University,Suzhou 215006,China;China Center for Health Development Research,Peking University,Beijing 100191,China)

机构地区：[1]北京医院、国家老年医学中心、国家卫生健康委北京老年医学研究所、国家卫生健康委老年医学重点实验室、中国医学科学院老年医学研究院,北京100730 [2]北京大学国家发展研究院,北京100871 [3]苏州大学社会学院,苏州215006 [4]北京大学中国卫生发展研究中心,北京100191

出　　处：《中华老年医学杂志》2023年第11期1350-1356,共7页Chinese Journal of Geriatrics

基　　金：中国人口福利基金会项目(GJB-6-20211021-535_0);国家自然科学基金(91849118)。

摘　　要：目的了解影响社区老年人照护需求的影响因素.方法横断面调查研究,采用随机抽样的方式,对北京市6个社区60岁及以上老年人进行面对面问卷调查,分析不同年龄段老年人的现患疾病和照护需求,采用单因素和多因素Logistic回归从个人基本情况、身体健康状态、经济情况、心理和社交状态多个维度对老年人照护需求的影响因素进行分析.结果共纳入546例社区老年人,平均年龄(77.88±9.12)岁,在所有年龄段老年人中,心脑血管疾病一直是老年人高发和共患疾病[60~69岁57.81%(74/128),70~79岁56.49%(87/154),80~89岁76.74%(165/215),90岁及以上83.67%(41/49)],其中70岁及以上年龄段的老年人对照护的需求高于60~69岁年龄段老年人对照护的需求(χ^(2)=47.209,P<0.001).现患病种类超过2种、长期服用1种以上药物、偶尔出现便秘、感到孤独和认为护工不需要基本医学常识的老年人照护需求低(OR=0.172、0.006、0.088、0.112、0.005,均P<0.05),而子女为独生子女、有疼痛史、愿意接受给护理员照护的费用在4000元以上、半失能的老年人更倾向于需要照护(OR=548.732、5.941、4.265、7.373,均P<0.05).结论北京市6个社区的60岁及以上居家老年人的照护需求受自身家庭结构、身体健康状态、经济状况和心理健康状态多个方面的影响,老年人需要并接受具备基本医学常识的多元化照护服务以提高自身生活质量.Objective To investigate factors affecting the care needs of community-dwelling elderly people.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted.A face-to-face questionnaire survey was conducted using random samples of elderly people aged 60 years and above in six communities in Beijing to analyze the prevalence of diseases and care needs of elderly people in different age groups,and factors influencing elderly people's care needs.Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analyses were used to analyze factors influencing these individuals'care needs based on basic personal situations,physical health status,economic situations,psychological and social status.ResultsA total of 546 community-dwelling elderly people were recruited,with a mean age of(77.88±9.12)ears.Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases were consistently found to be the most common Ve years.Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases diseases in all age groups(60-69 years:57.81%or 74/128;70-79 years:56.49%or 87/154;80-89 years:76.74%or 165/215;90 years or over:83.67%or 41/49);Care needs for groups aged 70 year or over were higher than for the group aged between 60-69(χ^(2)=47.209,P<0.001).Elderly people with more than 2 diseases,long-term use of more than l drug,occasional constipation,and feeling loneliness or holding the view that caregivers do not need basic medical knowledge had a low need for care(OR=0.172.0.006,0.088,0.112,0.005.respectively,P<0.05 for all).Those with only one child,a history of pain,willing to pay more than Y4 ooo to hire a care-giver,or with partial disability were more likely to feel the need for care(OR=548.732,5.941,4.265,7.373,respectively,P<0.05 for all).Conclusions The care needs of elderly people living at home and aged over 60 in 6 communities in Beijing are affected by multiple factors such as their family structure,physical health status,economic status and psychological status.Elderly people need to have and accept multi-dimensional care services provided by knowledgeable and skillful caregivers to improve

关 键 词：社区保健护理 生活质量 照护需求 慢性病 

分 类 号：R161.7[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]