幼儿在园内外身体活动的聚类特征与运动能力研究  

Cluster characteristics of physical activities among children inside and outside kindergartens and its relationship with athletic abilities

作　　者：付近梅 黄婷 孙顺利 陈睿铭 陈德龙 蒋天乐 胡学文 吕文娣 何梓豪 苏利强 赵广高 邹维露 FU Jinmei;HUANG Ting;SUN Shunli;CHEN Ruiming;CHEN Delong;JIANG Tianle;HU Xuewen;LYU Wendi;HE Zihao;SU Liqiang;ZHAO Guanggao;ZOU Weilu(Sports Science Research Office,Jiangxi Sports Science Medical Center,Nanchang(330006),China;不详)

机构地区：[1]江西省体育科学医疗中心体育科学研究室,南昌330006 [2]福建师范大学体育科学学院 [3]南昌大学体育学院 [4]江西中医药大学体育健康学院 [5]北京体育大学运动人体科学学院 [6]江西师范大学体育学院 [7]江西省体操运动管理中心

出　　处：《中国学校卫生》2023年第10期1560-1563,1567,共5页Chinese Journal of School Health

基　　金：江西省社会科学“十四五”(2022年)基金项目(22TY20D);国家社会科学基金项目(21BTY088)。

摘　　要：目的 基于上学日与休息日身体活动(PA)、久坐行为(SB)变量对幼儿在园内外身体活动进行聚类分析,并借助身体素质指标探讨不同幼儿的聚类特征,为幼儿教育和健康领域提供创新的策略和方法。方法 于2019年3—6月采用分层整群随机抽样法,募集南昌市6所幼儿园3~6岁受试幼儿291名,利用三轴加速度传感器(ActiGraph GT3X-BT)分别测量幼儿在园内外PA与SB水平,并采用两步聚类算法模型进行聚类分析。参照《国民体质测定标准手册(幼儿部分)》测量与评价幼儿身体素质水平,比较不同聚类幼儿身体素质的差异,分析不同幼儿的聚类特征。结果 以上学日园内、上学日与休息日园外PA与SB共6项指标聚类,幼儿可分为园内活跃型(上学日园内高PA、低SB)、园外活跃型(上学日园外和休息日高PA)和不活跃型(上学日园内外和休息日低PA、高SB)3类,模型平均轮廓系数为0.3,聚类结果良好。园内活跃型、园外活跃型幼儿上学日园内、上学日与休息日园外PA,以及日均低强度身体活动(LPA)、中高强度身体活动(MVPA)均高于不活跃型(F值分别为157.91,80.79,95.86,95.52,124.74,P值均<0.05)。在调整性别和年龄因素影响后,园外活跃型(19.03±0.47)和园内活跃型(19.11±0.40)身体素质总分均高于不活跃型(17.94±0.31);园内活跃型幼儿(3.91±0.14)双脚连续跳高于不活跃型幼儿(3.45±0.11)(P值均<0.05)。结论 园内活跃型和园外活跃型幼儿总体身体素质方面表现优异。应关注结构化与非结构化PA时间占比,以提高幼儿的整体身体素质。Objective Based on physical activity(PA)and sedentary behavior(SB)variables on weekdays and weekends,the study aims to cluster the physical activities inside and outside kindergartens and to explore the cluster characteristics of different children using physical fitness indicators,so as to provide new strategies and methods for early childhood education and health.Methods From March to June 2019,291 children aged 3-6 years from 6 kindergartens in Nanchang were recruited by a stratified cluster random sampling method.The ActiGraph GT3X-BT triaxial accelerometer was used to measure and analyze the PA and SB levels inside and outside the kindergarten.A two-step clustering algorithm model was employed for cluster analysis.Physical fitness were measured and evaluated according to the"National Physical Fitness Measurement Standard Manual(Preschool Section)".Differences in physical fitness among different clusters of children were compared,and the cluster characteristics of different children were analyzed.Results The clustering algorithm model indicated that based on six indicators,including PA and SB inside the kindergarten on weekdays,and PA and SB outside the kindergarten on both weekdays and weekends,children could be divided into three categories:active inside(high PA,low SB inside),active outside(high PA outside),and inactive(low PA,high SB both inside and outside).The average silhouette coefficient of the model was 0.3,indicating good clustering results.Both the active inside and active outside children showed significantly higher PA inside on weekdays,PA outside on weekdays and weekends,daily low-intensity physical activity(LPA)and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity(MVPA)than the inactive children(F=157.91,80.79,95.86,95.52,124.74,P<0.05).After adjusting for gender and age,the physical fitness scores of both active outside(19.03±0.47)and active inside(19.11±0.40)were significantly higher than those of the inactive children(17.94±0.31).Additionally,active inside children(3.91±0.14)also showed significan

关 键 词：运动活动 久坐生活方式 聚类分析 儿童 学龄前 

分 类 号：G806[文化科学—运动人体科学] R179[文化科学—体育学] G804.49[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]