基于模组加热的新能源汽车火灾试验研究  

Experimental research on thermal runaway behavior for electric vehicles based on module heating

作　　者：张良 张得胜 陈克 赵祥 鲁志宝 刘振刚 ZHANG Liang;ZHANG Desheng;CHEN Ke;ZHAO Xiang;LU Zhibao;LIU Zhengang(Tianjin Fire Science and Technology Research Institute,Ministry of Emergency Management of the People's Republic of China,Tianjin 300381,China)

机构地区：[1]应急管理部天津消防研究所,天津300381

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2023年第10期3600-3605,共6页Journal of Safety and Environment

基　　金：应急管理部消防救援局重点攻关项目(2018XFGG02);应急管理部天津消防研究所基科费项目(2022SJ05)。

摘　　要：动力电池热失控是目前引发新能源汽车火灾事故的重要原因。基于已有的整车燃烧试验平台,针对电池包内模组失控难复现的问题,通过电池模组外部加热引发整车级热失控试验,探究电池系统热失控触发、蔓延、扩散过程及路径,分析得出电池失控后温度跃升可达300℃以上,烟气与火蹿入驾驶室后短时间内CO体积分数等可达峰值超过1.2%,热失控前电池电压会有50 mV以上的下降。In this paper,the experiments were performed by the existing vehicle combustion test platform,and the battery model was triggered runaway by constant heating which was appressed to the external module.The battery fire came about and spread to the entire vehicle,and even led to the explosion risks of the thermal runaway gas.In front of such risks,it was the primary need to research problems like high temperature,flame,and toxic gas,in addition to the thermal runaway propagation of the latter.Temperature,flue gas concentration,and other changes were recorded by the sensors arranged inside the vehicle and battery pack during the experiment.It was concluded that the temperature jumped up more than 300℃after the thermal runaway,and the carbon monoxide reached a peak value in a short time after the smoke and fire entered the cab,which endangered the drivers.It took less than 2 minutes from the battery having an abnormal sound to the CO concentration in the cab exceeding 1.2%,and the battery voltage dropped more than 50 mV before the thermal runaway.The order of the modules in the battery pack was out of control which had the same trend as the heat transfer path in the pack.The heated module 18 was out of control first,followed by several modules next to it,and then spread far away which was corresponding to the deformation traces of the module in the battery pack.This paper delivers an EV fire experiment method of the cell's thermal runaway and provides potential guidance on safety design and post-fire treatment on vehicles,which can help the rescuer get the right path to implement fire-fighting and rescue.

关 键 词：安全工程 新能源汽车 锂电池 热失控 火灾复现 

分 类 号：X951[环境科学与工程—安全科学]