基于微生物法回收稀土元素的研究进展  

Research Progress of a Microbial⁃based Approach for Rare Earth Elements Recovery

作　　者：马娟娟 王金喜[1] 牛红亚[1] 郝惠迪 胡亚凡 蒋树庭 MA Juan-juan;WANG Jin-xi;NIU Hong-ya;HAO Hui-di;HU Ya-fan;JIANG Shu-ting(Key Laboratory for Resource Exploration Research of Hebei Province,Hebei University of Engineering,Handan 056038,China)

机构地区：[1]河北工程大学河北省资源勘测研究重点实验室,河北邯郸056038

出　　处：《稀土》2023年第5期127-136,共10页Chinese Rare Earths

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42172191);河北省自然科学基金项目(D2021402022)。

摘　　要：稀土元素是现代工业的“维生素”,广泛应用在新能源、国防技术、航天工程、医疗设备等领域,是发展高新技术不可或缺的战略资源。随着现代工业的发展,稀土资源供需矛盾逐渐加剧,同时也促进了稀土产业快速发展。传统的稀土冶炼回收工艺不仅成本高,而且容易造成难以估量的资源浪费和环境隐患。为实现绿色发展和资源循环利用的目标,寻找高效环保的稀土提取技术或可替代的非传统稀土资源迫在眉睫。与传统工艺相比,利用微生物技术回收稀土元素,具有较大的发展潜力和广阔的应用前景。本文从生物吸附、生物降解、生物浸出三方面介绍了微生物法回收稀土元素的作用机理;从微生物的来源和其他外界因素两方面介绍了影响微生物法回收稀土元素所需的关键技术。最后对微生物技术在未来实现稀土资源回收再利用的研究和发展进行了展望。Rare earth elements(REEs)are the“vitamins”of modern industry,widely used in areas such as new ener⁃gy,defense technology,spacecraft project and armarium,and are indispensable strategic resources for the development of ad⁃vanced technologies.With the development of modern industry,the contradiction between supply and demand of rare earth re⁃sources has gradually aggravated,promoting the rapid development of the rare earth industry.The traditional rare earth smel⁃ting and recovery process is not only costly,but also tends to incalculable resource waste and environmental threat.In order to achieve the goal of green development and resources recycling,it is urgent to find efficient and environmentally friendly extrac⁃tion process or alternative non⁃traditional rare earth resources.Compared with the traditional process,microbial technology has great potential and promising prospects.The mechanism of microbial technology is introduced from three aspects:biosorption,biodegradation and bioleaching.The key technologies affecting the recovery of rare earth elements by microbiological method are introduced from the sources of microorganisms and other external factors.The microbial method and technology in REEs re⁃covery and utilization in the future has been prospected.

关 键 词：稀土元素 生物吸附 生物浸出 二次利用 

分 类 号：O614[理学—无机化学]