渤海湾锌海水水质基准推导及潜在生态风险评价  

Derivation of seawater quality criteria and potential ecological risk assessment of zinc in Bohai Bay

作　　者：刘宛昕 刘思彤 穆迪 武洪庆[2] 张桂成 刘海娇 纪志永[2] 孙军 刘宪华[1] LIU Wanxin;LIU Sitong;MU Di;WU Hongqing;ZHANG Guicheng;LIU Haijiao;JI Zhiyong;SUN Jun;LIU Xianhua(School of environmental science and engineering,Tianjin University,Tianjin,300354,China;College of Chemical Engineering,Hebei University of Technology,Tianjin,300401,China;College of marine and environmental science,Tianjin University of Science and Technology,Tianjin,300457,China)

机构地区：[1]天津大学环境科学与工程学院,天津300354 [2]河北工业大学化工学院,天津300401 [3]天津科技大学海洋与环境学院,天津300457

出　　处：《环境化学》2023年第10期3396-3407,共12页Environmental Chemistry

基　　金：国家科技部重大研发计划“海洋环境安全保障”重点专项(2019YFC1407800)资助.

摘　　要：渤海湾地处我国经济最发达的地区之一,由于流域污染负荷排放超过环境承载力,水生态系统和功能受到不同程度的破坏.海水水质基准是制定海洋水质标准与科学保护海洋环境的基础,但目前我国海水水质基准的研究较为匮乏.本研究采用物种敏感度分布曲线法,利用甄选获得的文献数据和毒理试验获得的试验数据,推导了渤海湾重金属锌的海水水质基准.其中短期水质基准为112.40μg∙L^(−1),长期水质基准为16.15μg∙L^(−1).同时,在2020年夏季和秋季分别对渤海湾及其临近海域的水体锌污染状况进行了监测,基于熵值法对渤海湾及其临近海域进行了锌的潜在生态风险评价.评价结果表明,2020年渤海湾及其临近海域水体中锌的短期潜在生态风险较低,但存在长期风险.高风险区域主要分布在近岸海域,并且夏季高于秋季.Bohai Bay is located in one of the most economically developed areas in China.As the pollution load exceeds the environmental capacity,the aquatic ecosystem and functions of the Bohai Bay have been damaged to a certain extent.Seawater quality criteria are the basis for the establishment of seawater quality standards and rational protection of marine environment,but currently there are few studies on seawater quality criteria in China.This study derived the seawater quality criteria for zinc in Bohai Bay by species sensitivity distribution curve method.The derived short-term and long-term water quality criteria were 112.4μg∙L^(−1) and 16.15μg∙L^(−1),respectively.In the summer and autumn of 2020,the distribution of zinc in the Bohai Bay and its adjacent waters were monitored respectively.Ecological risks of zinc were assessed based on entropy method.The results showed that the short-term ecological risk of zinc in Bohai Bay and its adjacent waters in 2020 was low,but there was a long-term risk.The high-risk areas were mainly distributed in the coastal areas.In addition,the potential ecological risk for zinc in Bohai Bay has a seasonal variation,and it was higher in summer than in autumn.

关 键 词：渤海湾 重金属锌 海水水质基准 物种敏感度分布法 潜在生态风险评价 

分 类 号：X55[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X826