城市湿地公园植物群落空气负离子浓度及影响因素——以花溪十里河滩国家城市湿地公园为例  

Air anion concentration and influencing factors of plant community in urban wetland park——A case study of Huaxi Shilihetan National Urban Wetland Park

作　　者：冯慧君 安静[1,2] 杨广斌 孟彤[1] 吴玉祥 王登超 张春丽 FENG Huijun;AN Jing;YANG Guangbin;MENG Tong;WU Yuxiang;WANG Dengchao;ZHANG Chunli(School of Geography and Environmental Science,Guizhou Normal University,Guiyang,550001,China;Cultivation Base of Guizhou State Key Laboratory of Karst Mountain Ecological Environment,Guiyang,550001,China;Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Application of Mountain Resources and Environment in Guizhou Province,Guiyang,550001,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州师范大学地理与环境科学学院,贵阳550001 [2]贵州省喀斯特山地生态环境国家重点实验室培育基地,贵阳550001 [3]贵州省山地资源与环境遥感应用重点实验室,贵阳550001

出　　处：《环境化学》2023年第10期3487-3499,共13页Environmental Chemistry

摘　　要：国家湿地公园是我国自然保护地体系的重要组成部分,在调节气候、改善人居环境等方面具有重要作用.空气负离子(NAI)浓度是衡量一个地区空气清洁度的重要指标.为探究花溪十里河滩国家城市湿地公园不同群落NAI浓度的时间动态变化特征,以湿地公园内10种不同植物群落结构中NAI浓度为研究对象,测定NAI浓度的日变化及季节动态变化,比较不同群落结构内不同季节NAI浓度差异.研究结果表明:1)四季NAI浓度日变化形式为春、冬季为“双峰型”,夏、秋季为“三峰型”,均呈现早晚高、中午低的特征.不同植物群落NAI浓度四季均值大小依次为为夏(966.5±23.06)ion·cm^(−3)>秋(487.4±23.04)ion·cm^(−3)>春(471.28±7.88)ion·cm^(−3)>冬(356.72±25.19)ion·cm^(−3);2)在湿地公园绿地中不同植物群落结构区域的NAI浓度均值大小为乔灌草(567.61±23.84)ion·cm^(−3)>乔灌(483.51±56.08)ion·cm^(−3)>乔(479.52±47.37)ion·cm^(−3)>草(311.51±41.52)ion·cm^(−3),其中桂花—海桐—鸢尾常绿乔灌草NAI浓度年均值(696.54±21.31)ion·cm^(−3)最高,是对照点的2.8倍.不同植物群落类型区域的NAI浓度大小为常绿植物群落区域(600.27±38.34)ion·cm^(−3)>落叶植物群落区域(504.12±45.39)ion·cm^(−3)>水边植物群落区域(426.26±36.68)ion·cm^(−3),常绿植物群落区域和水边植物群落区域差异性显著(P<0.05).3)相关因子中乔木数量、乔木半径/乔木冠下高度、乔木冠下高度、乔木半径、总绿量、乔木冠层体积、灌木体积、湿度、温度和光照季节均值与NAI浓度呈显著正相关,湖边距离、光照、温度和湿度季节均值呈显著负相关.由此可见,湿地公园中NAI释放最多的季节和植物群落结构为夏季和常绿乔灌草结构,游人最佳的出行时间为早晨(8:00—10:00)及傍晚(16:00—18:00).本研究为NAI含量时间动态模式及其驱动因素提供了新的见解,有助于当地市民选择合适�National wetland parks are an essential part of China's nature reserve system and play an important role in regulating the climate and improving human habitat.Negative air ion(NAI)concentration is an essential indicator of the cleanliness of an area's air.To investigate the temporal dynamics of NAI concentrations in different communities in the Huaxi Shilihetan National Urban Wetland Park,the daily and seasonal dynamics of NAI concentrations in 10 plant community structures in the park were measured to compare the differences in NAI concentrations between different community structures in different seasons.The results of the study showed that 1)the daily variation of NAI concentration in all seasons was in the form of“bimodal”in spring and winter and“trimodal”in summer and autumn,with a characteristic of high in the morning and low in the afternoon.The mean NAI concentrations in different plant communities were in the order of summer(966.5±23.06)ion·cm^(−3)>autumn(487.4±23.04)ion·cm^(−3)>spring(471.28±7.88)ion·cm^(−3)>winter(356.72±25.19)ion·cm^(−3).2)The mean NAI concentrations in the different plant community structure areas in the wetland park greenery were(567.61±23.84)ion·cm^(−3) for trees and grasses>(483.51±56.08)ion·cm^(−3) for trees and grasses>(479.52±47.37)ion·cm^(−3) for trees>(311.51±41.52)ion·cm^(−3) for grasses,with Osmanthus-Haystack-Iris The highest annual mean NAI concentrations were found at the control site(696.54±21.31)ion·cm^(−3) for the evergreen trees and grasses,which was 2.8 times higher than the control site.The magnitude of NAI concentrations in the different plant community types was(600.27±38.34)ion·cm^(−3) in the evergreen community>(504.12±45.39)ion·cm^(−3) in the deciduous community>(426.26±36.68)ion·cm^(−3) in the waterside community,with significant differences between the evergreen and waterside community areas(P<0.05),and the evergreen and waterside plant communities were significantly different(P<0.05).3)The number of tr

关 键 词：湿地公园 植被结构 空气负离子 环境因子 地理因素 相关性分析 

分 类 号：X36[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X16