青藏高原老芒麦穗部性状年际差异分析和穗型划分  

Interannual Differences in Ear Traits and Spike Type Division of E.sibiricus L.Wheat Ears on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

作　　者：起惠芳 刘文辉[1] 刘敏洁 刘慢 梁国玲[1] 张永超[1] 李文 QI Huifang;LIU Wenhui;LIU Minjie;LIU Man;LIANG Guoling;ZHANG Yongchao;LI Wen(Key Laboratory of Superior Forage Germplasm in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau,Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine/Qinghai University,Xining,Qinghai 810016;College of Ecological Environment and Resources,Qinghai Nationalities University,Xining,Qinghai 810000;Tibetan Plateau Juema Research Centre,Xining,Qinghai 810000)

机构地区：[1]青海省畜牧兽医科学院,青海省青藏高原优良牧草种质资源利用重点实验室/青海大学,青海西宁810016 [2]青海民族大学生态环境与资源学院,青海西宁810000 [3]青藏高原蕨麻研究院,青海西宁810000

出　　处：《核农学报》2023年第9期1751-1763,共13页Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家林草局应急科技揭榜挂帅项目(202201);国家自然科学联合基金项目(U20A2050);青海省科技厅重点实验室发展专项(2020-ZJ-Y03)。

摘　　要：为明确不同穗型老芒麦农艺性状的年际间差异,以本研究团队前期提出的老芒麦穗型分类方法为基础,筛选出9份穗型差异较大且稳定的老芒麦材料,连续三年对种子产量和农艺性状进行比较研究。结果表明,老芒麦在生长第2年的种子产量、花序性状、小穗性状、种子长和千粒重均最大,之后随着年限增加呈逐渐下降趋势,不同试验材料年际间种子产量及农艺性状的变化不一致。以单穗重作为穗型的分类方法适用于不同生长年限的老芒麦,不同年份的供试材料均被分为3类,不同生长年限三种穗型的分类标准分别为:生长第2年轻穂型(TST)(<0.75 g),中穗型(MST)(0.75~1.15 g),重穗型(HST)(>1.15 g);生长第3年TST(<0.57 g)、MST(0.57~0.87 g)和HST(>0.87 g);生长第4年TST(<0.24 g)、MST(0.24~0.48 g)和HST(>0.48 g)。不同穗型老芒麦的有效分蘖数之间差异不显著,而花序性状、小穗长、种子长和千粒重存在显著差异;在不同生长年限,HST的穗长、单序籽粒数、单序籽粒重、单穗重、着粒密度、小穗长和种子产量均高于TST,三种穗型单序籽粒重和单穗重随着单穗重的增加而增大。本研究结果为选育适合青藏高原不同地区的高产牧草新品种提供了科学数据和理论依据。In order to clarify the inter-annuals differences of agronomic traits in different spike types of E.sibiricus L.Based on our previous researches,nine materials with large and stable differences in spike type were screened,and comparative studies on seed yield and agronomic traits for three consecutive years were conducted.The results showed that the seed yield,inflorescence traits,spikelet traits,seed length and thousand grain weight of E.sibiricus L were the largest in the second year,and then showed a gradual decrease with the increase of years,and the differences in seed yield and agronomic traits between years were not consistent among different materials.Classifying spike types with dry weight per spike as the criterion is suitable for E.sibiricus L.of different growth years,and materials in different years were divided into 3 categories.The classification criteria for the spikes types were TST(<0.75 g),MST(0.75-1.15 g),and HST(>1.15 g)in the second year of growth;TST(<0.57 g),MST(0.57-0.87 g),and HST(>0.87 g)in the third year of growth;and TST(<0.24 g),MST(0.24-0.48 g)and HST(>0.48 g)in the fourth growing year.There was no significant difference in effective tillering number for various spike types,while inflorescence traits,spikelet length,seed length and thousand-kernels weight showed significant difference.Moreover,the spike length,grain number per spike,grain weight per spike,dry weight per spike,grain density,spikelet length and seed yield of HST were higher than TST in different growth years,and the grain weight of the three spike types increased with the increase of dry weight per spike.This study provides scientific data and theoretical basis for selecting new high-yielding forage varieties suitable for different regions of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

关 键 词：老芒麦 穗型 年际间 农艺性状 

分 类 号：S543.9[农业科学—作物学]