顶坛花椒果实品质及随海拔的变异规律研究  

Study on Fruit Quality of Zanthoxyhum planispiunum var.dingtanensis and Its Variation With Altitude

作　　者：王俊贤 喻阳华 蓝家程 宋燕平 李一彤 WANG Junxian;YU Yanghua;LAN Jiacheng;SONG Yanping;LI Yitong(Institute of Karst Science,Guizhou Normal University/State Technology Center for Karst Desertification Control Engineering,Guiyang,Guizhou 550001)

机构地区：[1]贵州师范大学喀斯特研究院/国家喀斯特石漠化防治工程技术研究中心,贵州贵阳550001

出　　处：《核农学报》2023年第9期1884-1893,共10页Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：贵州省科技支撑计划项目(黔科合支撑[2022]一般103)。

摘　　要：为探究顶坛花椒(Zanthoxyhum planispiunum var.dingtanensis)品质性状随海拔的变异规律,以贵州喀斯特石漠化区顶坛花椒的果皮为对象,通过测定531(YD1)、640(YD2)、780(YD3)、871(YD4)和1097 m(YD5)5个海拔梯度的品质性状,探讨其内在关联,并开展品质综合评价。结果表明,顶坛花椒果皮灰分含量为3.11%~6.36%;检测的17种游离氨基酸中,天冬氨酸(807.60~1079.10 mg·kg^(-1))和谷氨酸(842.95~1071.65 mg·kg^(-1))含量较高,苯丙氨酸(22.10~40.50 mg·kg^(-1))和蛋氨酸(39.60~52.90 mg·kg^(-1))含量则较低;氨基酸、维生素、矿质元素、粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量整体随海拔升高呈先增加后减少的变化趋势,但各氨基酸的积累量未受显著影响;不同品质性状之间的作用方向各异,Fe对Zn含量表现为显著正向效应(P<0.05),而对氨基酸的积累则多表现为抑制作用;维生素C与维生素E含量之间互为正向调控,不同种类氨基酸的积累之间多表现为极显著增强效应(P<0.01)。将27个花椒品质指标抽取为5个主成分,反映出原始数据信息的92.21%,灰分、氨基酸、维生素和矿质元素含量均能很好地解释其变异性;品质综合指数表现为YD4(1.501)>YD2(1.112)>YD3(0.578)>YD5(-0.995)>YD1(-2.196),表明中等海拔高度更有利于顶坛花椒果实品质形成。本研究结果可为顶坛花椒的合理发展布局及优质高效培育提供科学依据。To explore the variation pattern of Zanthoxyhum planispiunum var.dingtanensis quality characters with altitude,the fruit peel of Z.planispiunum var.dingtanensis in the karst rocky desertification area of Guizhou Province was used as the experimental materials.The quality characters of altitude gradients at 531(YD1),640(YD2),780(YD3),871(YD4),and 1097 m(YD5)were measured to explore their internal correlation and conduct a comprehensive quality evaluation.Results showed that the ash content of Z.planispiunum var.dingtanensis pericarp ranged from 3.11%to 6.36%.Among the 17 detected free amino acids,aspartic acid(807.60-1079.10 mg·kg^(-1))and glutamic acid(842.95-1071.65 mg·kg^(-1))had higher contents,while phenylalanine(22.10-40.50 mg·kg^(-1))and methionine(39.60-52.90 mg·kg^(-1))had lower contents.The overall trend of amino acids,vitamins,mineral elements,crude protein,and crude fat content increased first and then decreased with increasing altitude,but the accumulation of each amino acid was insignificantly affected.The direction of the effects between different quality traits varies.Fe had a significant positive(P<0.05)effect on Zn content,but mostly showed inhibitory effects on amino acid accumulation.Vitamin C and vitamin E were positively regulated by each other,and the accumulation of different amino acids showed extremely significant(P<0.01)enhancement effect.Extracting 27 quality indicators of Z.planispiunum var.dingtanensis into 5 principal components reflected 92.21%of the original data information.Ash,amino acids,vitamins and mineral elements could well explain its variability.The comprehensive quality index followed the order of YD4(1.501)>YD2(1.112)>YD3(0.578)>YD5(-0.995)>YD1(-2.196),indicated that the middle altitude was more conducive to the accumulation of fruit quality in Z.planispiunum var.dingtanensis.These findings provide a scientific basis for the rational development layout and high-quality and efficient cultivation of Z.planispiunum var.dingtanensis.

关 键 词：顶坛花椒 海拔 品质性状 变异规律 

分 类 号：S573.9[农业科学—作物学]