氮肥稳定剂对滴灌棉田土壤有效氮供应、棉花氮素吸收及利用的影响  

Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer Stabilizers on Soil Available Nitrogen Supplication,Nitrogen Uptake and Utilization of Cotton Plants in Drip-Irrigated Cotton Field

作　　者：胡丹 康丽霞 李培楚 张淑英[1] 刘涛[1] HU Dan;KANG Lixia;LI Peichu;ZHANG Shuying;LIU Tao(College of Agriculture,Shihezi University,Shihezi,Xinjiang 832003)

机构地区：[1]石河子大学农学院,新疆石河子832003

出　　处：《核农学报》2023年第10期2071-2078,共8页Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(42067021);石河子大学高层次人才科研启动项目(RCZK201927)。

摘　　要：为探明氮肥稳定剂对滴灌棉田的有益效果,采用田间试验,设置不施氮肥(CK)、单施尿素(U)、尿素添加单一氮肥稳定剂(UNI)和尿素添加复合氮肥稳定剂(UNIUI)4个处理,研究土壤有效氮供应、棉花干物质积累、氮素吸收及利用情况。结果表明,UNI和UNIUI处理土壤尿素态氮和铵态氮含量较U处理均有提高,其中,土壤铵态氮含量在吐絮期分别提高了17.36%(P<0.05)和12.49%(P>0.05);土壤硝态氮含量在盛花期和盛铃期较U处理有所降低,吐絮期则显著提高了22.23%和24.84%(P<0.05);土壤有效氮总量始终高于U处理且在吐絮期显著提高了15.75%和16.24%(P<0.05)。UNI和UNIUI处理棉株各器官干物质质量和吸氮量较U处理均有不同程度的提高,其中,叶片干物质质量和吸氮量的提高更为明显。UNI和UNIUI处理皮棉产量较U处理虽有提高但不显著,氮肥利用率则显著提高了6.54和8.98个百分点(P<0.05)。综上,尿素添加氮肥稳定剂可延缓尿素水解,显著抑制硝化,增加棉田土壤有效氮库,促进棉株干物质积累和氮素吸收,显著提高棉田氮肥利用率,且复合氮肥稳定剂应用效果优于单一氮肥稳定剂。本研究结果为干旱区滴灌棉田氮肥增效提供了新途径。A field trial was conducted to determine the effects of nitrogen fertilizer stabilizers(NFSs)in dripirrigated cotton field.Four treatments of no fertilizer N applied(CK),urea applied alone(U),urea added single NFS(UNI)and urea added double NFSs(UNIUI)were set up to investigate soil available N supplication,dry matter accumulation,N uptake and utilization in cotton plants.The results showed that UNI and UNIUI treatments had higher soil urea N and ammonium N contents,and increased residual ammonium N by 17.36%(P<0.05)and 12.49%(P>0.05),respectively,compared with the U treatment.In the UNI and UNIUI treatments,soil nitrate N contents were decreased at the full blooming stage and full bolling stage,but significantly increased by 22.23%and 24.84%(P<0.05),respectively,at the boll opening stage.The total contents of soil available N were significantly increased by 15.75%and 16.24%(P<0.05),respectively.Compared with the U treatment,dry matter and N uptake of cotton plants in the UNI and UNIUI treatments were increased,especially in leaves.Although the increase in lint yield in the UNI and UNIUI treatments was not significant,the N use efficiency(NUE)were significantly increased by 6.54 and 8.98 percentage points(P<0.05),respectively,compared with the U treatment.Therefore,the addition of NFSs delayed urea hydrolysis to some extent and significantly inhibited nitrification,which improved soil effective N pool in cotton fields,promoted the dry matter accumulation and N uptake in cotton plants,and significantly increased N utilization.These findings provided a new approach to improving the efficiency of N fertilizer in dripirrigated field.

关 键 词：氮肥稳定剂 土壤氮转化 干物质积累 氮素吸收 滴灌棉田 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学]