电子加速器源射线对小麦根尖染色体及生理特性的影响  

Effects of Electron Accelerator Source Radiation on Chromosome and Physiological Characteristics of Wheat Root Tip

作　　者：管翊君 王浩 吕美澄 白俊青 唐燕[1] 周春菊[1] 李奎 吕金印[1] GUAN Yijun;WANG Hao;LYU Meicheng;BAI Junqing;TANG Yan;ZHOU Chunju;LI Kui;LYU Jinyin(College of Life Sciences,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100;Yangling Hesheng Irradiation Technologies Co.,Ltd.,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学生命科学学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]杨凌核盛辐照技术有限公司,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《核农学报》2023年第11期2126-2133,共8页Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31971835)。

摘　　要：为探究电子加速器源射线对小麦的生物学效应,利用10 MeV电子直线加速器辐射处理小麦种子,分析不同辐射剂量对小麦的生长、生理特性和根尖细胞染色体形态的影响。结果表明,与0 Gy相比,200、400 Gy辐射处理下,小麦种子发芽率差异不显著,但随着辐射剂量的增大,发芽时间明显延长、生长速度减慢,生长10 d的小麦幼苗株高分别下降了49.67%和81.32%,根长分别下降了74.79%和89.67%,鲜重分别下降了50.93%和62.01%。同时,两种剂量处理下,两叶一心期小麦叶片过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性分别上升了171.01%和37.69%,过氧化物酶(POD)活性分别上升了89.77%和59.74%,可溶性蛋白含量分别上升了63.20%和102.45%,丙二醛(MDA)含量分别上升了44.85%和75.36%,H_(2)O_(2)含量分别上升了120.64%和175.78%,而超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性分别下降了34.91%和45.45%,叶绿素a含量下降了42.55%和54.69%,叶绿素b含量下降了28.03%和54.44%。表明高剂量(400 Gy)辐射影响植物细胞中的正常代谢,进而影响生长。200、400 Gy辐射处理下,小麦根尖细胞有丝分裂指数分别降低了4.37和6.00个百分点,畸变率分别升高了6.80和16.19个百分点,微核率分别升高了6.02和14.22个百分点。表明高剂量辐射导致根尖细胞无法正常完成有丝分裂,并且造成染色体畸变,生长速率被抑制,对小麦正常生长造成不良影响。试验结果可为应用电子加速器源射线辐射小麦诱变育种提供参考依据。In order to investigate the biological effects of electron accelerator source radiation on wheat,wheat seeds were treated with 10 MeV electron accelerator radiation and the effects of different radiation doses on the growth,physiological characteristics and chromosome morphology of root tip cells were analyzed.The results showed that the germination rate of wheat seeds did not differ significantly under 200 and 400 Gy radiation treatment,and with the increase of radiation dose,the germination time was obviously prolonged,the growth rate was slowed down,and the height of wheat seedlings grew for 10 d decreased by 49.67%and 81.32%,the root length decreased by 74.79%and 89.67%,and the fresh weight decreased by 50.93%and 62.01%.Meanwhile,CAT activity of wheat leaves at the two-leaf and one-center stage increased by 171.01%and 37.69%,POD activity increased by 89.77%and 59.74%,soluble protein content increased by 63.20%and 102.45%,MDA content increased by 44.85%and 75.36%,H_(2)O_(2)content increased by 120.64%and 175.78%,SOD activity decreased by 34.91%and 45.45%,chlorophyll a content decreased by 42.55%and 54.69%,and chlorophyll b content decreased by 28.03%and 54.44%,suggesting that high dose(400 Gy)of radiation affects plant metabolism and the consequently growth.The mitotic index of wheat root tip cells decreased by 4.37 and 6.00 percentage points,the aberration rate increased by 6.80 and 16.19 percentage points,and the micronucleus rate increased by 6.02 and 14.22 percentage points under treatment with 200 and 400 Gy radiation,respectively,indicating that high dose of radiation caused root tip cells division abnormally,and chromosome aberrations,and inhibited the growth rate,which adversely affected the normal growth of wheat.The results showed that the high dose of radiation caused the root tip cells to be unable to mitosis normally,and caused chromosome aberrations and growth rate inhibition,which adversely affected the normal growth of wheat.Our findings provide a theoretical reference for electron gas pedal so

关 键 词：电子加速器 小麦 生长特性 抗氧化酶 根尖染色体 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]