化肥减量配施炭基有机肥对烤烟翠碧1号生长及产质量的影响  

Effects of Chemical Fertilizer Reduction Combined With Biochar-Based Manure on Growth,Yield and Quality of Cuibi No.1

作　　者：王成己[1] 李静超 郝东 张建忠 王涛 胡忠良 唐莉娜 WANG Chengji;LI Jingchao;HAO Dong;ZHANG Jianzhong;WANG Tao;HU Zhongliang;TANG Lina(Agricultural Ecology Institute,Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Fuzhou Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Agro-Environment,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Fuzhou,Fujian 350013;Jianyang Branch,Nanping City Tobacco Company,Nanping,Fujian 354200;Sanming Company,Fujian Tobacco Company,Sanming,Fujian 365000;Tobacco Science Research Institute of Fujian Tobacco Monopoly Bureau,Fuzhou,Fujian 350003)

机构地区：[1]福建省农业科学院农业生态研究所/农业农村部福州农业环境科学观测实验站,福建福州350013 [2]南平市烟草公司建阳分公司,福建南平354200 [3]福建省烟草公司三明市公司,福建三明365000 [4]福建省烟草专卖局烟草科学研究所,福建福州350003

出　　处：《核农学报》2023年第11期2288-2296,共9页Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：福建省省属公益类科研院所基本科研专项(2020R1021005);福建省自然科学基金项目(2021J01467);中国烟草总公司福建省公司项目(2019350000240143)。

摘　　要：为探究化肥减量配施炭基有机肥对烤烟翠碧1号生长和产质量的影响,本研究采用田间试验,设置6个处理:不施肥(TJ1)、单施化肥(TJ2)、化肥未减量+炭基肥(TJ3)、化肥减量10%+炭基肥(TJ4)、化肥减量20%+炭基肥(TJ5)、化肥减量30%+炭基肥(TJ6)。其中化肥减量是以当地翠碧1号常规氮肥用量(83.40 kg·hm^(-2)纯N)为基础,从基肥的烟草专用肥中按比例扣减;炭基肥用量为2400 kg·hm^(-2)。在烟草采收后采样测定烟田土壤理化性质、烤烟农艺性状(打顶后)、烟叶化学成分、烟叶感官质量及烤烟主要经济性状,并据此构建氮素调控与烟叶产质量提升方案。结果表明,化肥减量配施炭基有机肥对翠碧1号生长及烟叶产质量具有不同程度影响。化肥减量10%~20%配施2400 kg·hm^(-2)炭基肥未显著降低烟田土壤肥力,化肥减量20%对烟株生长具有积极的促进作用,而过量施肥则对烟株生长产生一定的抑制作用;化肥减量配施炭基有机肥增加了烟叶有益化学成分,降低总氮、烟碱、氯含量,提高了烟叶化学成分协调性;化肥减量10%~30%对烟叶感官质量综合得分的不利影响有限。相对于TJ3处理,化肥减量10%~20%时烤烟产量和产值分别增加1.55%~2.50%和1.95%~2.99%,而化肥减量30%时烤烟产量和产值分别降低1.05%和0.73%。综上,推荐化肥减量20%配施2400 kg·hm^(-2)烟秆炭基有机肥在福建省清香型烤烟翠碧1号种植区推广使用。本研究结果可为福建烟区清香型特色烤烟翠碧1号优质生产提供技术参考。In order to explore effect of chemical fertilizer reduction combined with biochar-based manure on growth,yield and quality of Cuibi No.1,a field experiment was conducted in Fujian tobacco area.In this study,six treatments were set up with no fertilizer(TJ1),only fertilizer(TJ2),no fertilizer reduction+biochar-based manure(TJ3),fertilizer reduction 10%+biochar-based manure(TJ4),fertilizer reduction 20%+biochar-based manure(TJ5),and fertilizer reduction 30%+biochar-based manure(TJ6).The chemical fertilizer reduction was based on the local conventional nitrogen fertilizer dosage of Cuibi No.1 with 83.40 kg·hm^(-2)pure N,deducted from the tobacco specific fertilizer of base fertilizer.The amount of biochar-based manure was 2400 kg·hm^(-2).Soil physicochemical properties,flue-cured tobacco agronomic traits(after topping),tobacco leaf chemical composition,sensory quality and main economic characteristics were measured after tobacco harvest,aiming at nitrogen control and tobacco leaf quality improvement.The results showed that chemical fertilizer reduction combined with biochar-based manure by 2400 kg·hm^(-2)had different effects on growth,yield and quality of Cuibi No.1,and fertilizer reduction by 10%to 20%did not significantly reduce soil fertility in tobacco field.Fertilizer reduction of 20%had a positive effect on the growth of tobacco plant,while had negative effect because of overfertilization.The reduction of chemical fertilizer combined with biochar-based manure increased the beneficial chemical components of tobacco leaves,reduced the contents of total nitrogen,nicotine and chlorine,while improved the coordination of chemical components of tobacco leaves.The negative effect of chemical fertilizer reduction by 10%to 30%on comprehensive score of sensory quality of tobacco leaves remained a limited level.Compared with TJ3 treatment,the yield and output value of flue-cured tobacco increased by 1.55%-2.50%and 1.95%-2.99%,respectively,with fertilizer reduction by 10%to 20%,while yield and output value decreased by

关 键 词：化肥减量 炭基有机肥 烤烟生长 烟叶品质 翠碧1号 

分 类 号：S572[农业科学—烟草工业]