青铜时代巴蜀文明与中原文明的差异初探  

A Tentative Analysis of the Differences between the Bashu Civilization and the Central Plains Civilization in the Bronze Age

作　　者：裴争 Pei Zheng(School of Liberal Arts,Linyi University,Linyi 276000,China)

机构地区：[1]临沂大学文学院,山东临沂276000

出　　处：《东方论坛（青岛大学学报）》2023年第6期50-60,共11页Eastern Forum（JOURNAL OF QINGDAO UNIVERSITY）

基　　金：临沂大学高层次人才科研启动基金项目“‘狂人’意象的文化基因研究”(XJ2023011501)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：巴蜀文明和中原文明都曾经历过辉煌的青铜时代,但二者的青铜时代存在较大差别,首先,二者的青铜礼器使用方式不一样,中原文明的青铜礼器主要是作为陪葬明器来使用,巴蜀文明的则主要用于大型的集体祭祀;其次,就青铜器的形制来说,中原文明的青铜器主要是“物”形,巴蜀文明的除了“物”形,最突出的是“人”形。造成二者青铜器差异的主要原因是其权力模式的不同,古蜀国是崇尚神权的古国,中原诸国则是崇尚王权的古国。二者权力模式的不同则又源于其所处文化生态环境的迥异,巴蜀文明相对封闭的生态环境和奇异多样的动植物使古蜀先民形成了对神灵的崇拜,而中原文明则因相对单一的地形和便利的交流渠道更注重家族王权的传承。中原文明和巴蜀文明分别代表了中华文明中重物质现实和重精神信仰两种不同的文化基因,它们都是多元一体中华文明的重要一元。Both the Bashu Civilization and the Central Plains Civilization boast a brilliant Bronze Age,but they display great differences.First of all,the use of bronze ritual vessels is different.The bronze ritual vessels of the Central Plains Civilization are mainly used as burial objects,while those of the Bashu Civilization are mainly used for large-scale collective sacrifice.Secondly,as far as the shape of bronzes is concerned,the bronzes of the Central Plains Civilization are mainly in the shape of"things"while those of the Bashu Civilization are mainly in the shape of"human beings"as well as in the shape of"things".The main reason for the difference is their different power models.The ancient Shu Kingdom is an ancient country advocating divine power while the Central Plains kingdoms are all ancient kingdoms advocating royal power.This difference stems from the different cultural and ecological environments in which they existed.The relatively closed ecological environment of the Bashu Civilization and the diversity of plants and animals made the ancestors of the ancient Shu form a unified religious system of worshiping gods while the Central Plains Civilization placed more emphasis on the inheritance of family royal power due to its relatively simple terrain and convenient communication channels.These two civilizations represent two different cultural genes in Chinese civilization:the former values material reality and the latter values spiritual beliefs,both of which are important elements of the diverse and integrated Chinese civilization.

关 键 词：青铜时代 巴蜀文明 中原文明 文化生态 

分 类 号：K878[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]