慈善赈济与近代中国——试论慈善赈济对中国近代社会秩序的矫正功能  

Charity Relief and Modern China:On the Function of Philanthropic Disaster Relief in Rectifying Modern Chinese Social Order

作　　者：向常水[1] Xiang Changshui(The Institute of Charity and Philanthropy,Hunan Normal University,Changsha 410006,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南师范大学慈善公益研究院,湖南长沙410006

出　　处：《东方论坛（青岛大学学报）》2023年第6期93-104,共12页Eastern Forum（JOURNAL OF QINGDAO UNIVERSITY）

摘　　要：自古以来,各类灾害就与以农立国的中华文明相伴而生。灾荒赈济成为历朝历代政府必须直面的问题。灾荒赈济是近代中国慈善事业的主要组成部分,无论是官赈还是义赈,都在社会运行中扮演着“矫正器”作用。近代中国慈善赈济的社会矫正作用是其基本功能,其实际作用的大小与社会多重变量关系紧密,但政府治理的政策措施和社会物质基础的作用尤为关键。在慈善赈济活动中,官赈和义赈的竞合协同在近代中国是时常呈现的实态,也是传承至今值得继续弘扬的宝贵经验。From the ancient times,various disasters always co-occurred with the agriculture-based Chinese civilization.Disaster relief thus became an issue that must be dealt with by every government in the past.It was the main part of modern Chinese philanthropy.Both government relief and social relief functioned as"rectifiers",playing an important pole in social operation.However,rectifying social order was the basic function of philanthropic disaster relief.The role it played was closely associated with many social factors,especially government policies and social material bases.In the course of disaster relief,the cooperation and competition between government relief and social relief was often the norm in modern China,and it is valuable experience worthy to be upheld and inherited to the present day.

关 键 词：慈善 赈济 社会运行 矫正 

分 类 号：C913.7[经济管理] K25[社会学]