陶瓷型芯3D打印研究进展与挑战  

Recent Progresses and Challenges of 3D Printing of Ceramic Cores

作　　者：翟小菲 陈婧祎 张学勤 王文清 张路 苏茹月 何汝杰 ZHAI Xiaofei;CHEN Jingyi;ZHANG Xueqin;WANG Wenqing;ZHANG Lu;SU Ruyue;HE Rujie(Institute of Advanced Structure Technology,Beijing Institute of Technology,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]北京理工大学先进结构技术研究院,北京100081

出　　处：《陶瓷学报》2023年第5期831-848,共18页Journal of Ceramics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(52275310)。

摘　　要：陶瓷型芯主要用于航空发动机叶片复杂空腔结构的熔模精密铸造。随着航空事业对高推重比航空发动机的需求越发迫切,陶瓷型芯的形状与结构越来越复杂,这对其成型提出了苛刻要求。传统的成型方法无法实现复杂异形陶瓷型芯的高精度制造。3D打印(3D printing)技术可以突破传统技术瓶颈,高精度、快速成型复杂异形陶瓷型芯。近年来,陶瓷型芯的3D打印逐渐受到了国内外学者的广泛关注,已有各类关于陶瓷型芯3D打印的研究报道,然而,相关研究进展缺少系统归纳,尤其是其当前研究面临的机遇与挑战尚缺乏深入分析。因此,针对航空发动机涡轮叶片精密铸造用陶瓷型芯,对其3D打印研究进展与挑战进行系统综述。首先,简要介绍了光固化成型、墨水直写成型、黏结剂喷射成型、选区激光烧结等可用于陶瓷型芯成型的3D打印技术工艺原理。其次,重点归纳了二氧化硅基陶瓷型芯、氧化铝基陶瓷型芯、氧化钙基陶瓷型芯目前的3D打印研究进展。最后,对陶瓷型芯3D打印研究面临的机遇与挑战进行分析与讨论。期待为航空发动机涡轮叶片精密铸造用陶瓷型芯的3D打印研究与应用提供一定参考。Ceramic cores are primarily used for precision investment casting of complex cavity-structured aero-engine blades.As the demand for high thrust-to-weight ratio aero engines becomes increasingly urgent,the shapes and structures of ceramic cores are becoming more complex.This poses stringent requirements on the forming technologies for ceramic cores.Traditional forming methods cannot achieve the manufacturing of ceramic cores with intricate flow channels and high precision.Three-dimensional printing(3D printing,3DP)technologies have the potential to overcome the limitations of traditional methods and enable the rapid production of ceramic cores with high precision and complex shapes and structures.The application of 3D printing in ceramic core production has garnered significant attention,leading to successful fabrication of various ceramic cores.However,there is a lack of comprehensive summaries regarding the progress in 3D printing of ceramic cores,especially the analysis of opportunities and challenges associated with this technique.Therefore,this review systematically examines the research progress and challenges in 3D printing of ceramic cores for precision casting of aero-engine turbine blades.Firstly,common 3D printing processes suitable for ceramic cores,such as vat photopolymerization,direct ink writing,binder injection,and selective laser sintering,are briefly introduced.Furthermore,the research progress in 3D printing of typical ceramic cores,including SiO2-based,Al2O3-based,and CaO-based ceramic cores,is summarized.Finally,the development opportunities and challenges related to the 3D printing of ceramic cores are discussed and forecasted.It is expected that this review will serve as a valuable reference for research and engineering applications of 3D printing in ceramic core production for precision casting of aero-engine turbine blades.

关 键 词：航空发动机涡轮叶片 陶瓷型芯 3D打印 增材制造 

分 类 号：TQ174.75[化学工程—陶瓷工业]