行距和密度对冀南棉区机采棉株型塑造、产量和品质的影响  

Effects of row spacing and density on plant architecture,yield and fiberquality of machine-picked cotton in southern Hebei cotton region

作　　者：王燕[1] 张谦[1] 董明[1] 李冰 王树林[1] 冯国艺[1] 梁青龙[1] 祁虹[1] WANG Yan;ZHANG Qian;DONG Ming;LI Bing;WANG Shulin;FENG Guoyi;LIANG Qinglong;QI Hong(Cotton Research Institute/Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology and Genetic Breeding in Huanghuaihai Semi-Arid Region,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Hebei Branch of National Cotton Improvement Center,Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Shijiazhuang 050051,China;Agricultural and Rural Bureau of Renze District,Xingtai City,Xingtai 054000,China)

机构地区：[1]河北省农林科学院棉花研究所/农业农村部黄淮海半干旱区棉花生物学与遗传育种重点实验室/国家棉花改良中心河北分中心,河北石家庄050051 [2]邢台市任泽区农业农村局,河北邢台054000

出　　处：《南京农业大学学报》2023年第6期1022-1030,共9页Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University

基　　金：国家棉花产业技术体系项目(CARS-15-18);河北省农林科学院科技创新专项课题(2022KJCXZX-MHS-6);河北省农林科学院基本科研业务费基金项目(2021070201);河北省农林科学院基本科研业务费青年基金(2023070101)。

摘　　要：[目的]研究行距和密度对机采棉株型塑造、高产和优质群体结构的影响,明确适合冀南棉区机采棉株行距配置的方法。[方法]以‘冀棉803’为试验材料,研究4种行距(L1:66 cm、L2:76 cm、L3:86 cm和L4:96 cm)和3种密度(D1:45 000株·hm^(-2)、D2:75 000株·hm^(-2)和D3:105 000株·hm^(-2))对棉花株型塑造、群体冠层结构、产量和品质的影响。[结果]不同行距处理相比,L1处理的株型特点为果枝长度较长,果枝夹角较小;L2和L3处理的株型特点为果枝长度较短;L4处理的株型特点为株高较低,果枝数较少。不同密度处理中,与D1相比,D2和D3处理株高、果枝始节高度增加,果枝长度、果枝节数和吐絮率降低,棉花株型更紧凑。在棉花花铃期,与L2处理相比,L3和L4处理的叶面积指数分别显著降低5.74%和25.36%,透光率分别显著增加50.00%和125.00%;与D1处理相比,D2和D3处理的叶面积指数分别增加7.87%和28.28%,透光率分别降低25.00%和50.00%,叶倾角分别降低8.68%和13.35%,均达到显著水平。与该区域机采棉常规栽培模式L2D2相比,L1D2、L1D3和L2D3的冠层结构没有显著差异,L3D3的叶面积指数显著增加,透光率显著降低。随着行距的增加,棉花单株铃数、总铃数和产量随之降低,铃重呈增加趋势;随着密度的增加,棉花单株铃数降低,总铃数和产量增加。与L2D2相比,L1D2、L1D3和L3D3的产量分别增加8.70%、7.97%和4.38%,但差异不显著。L2处理的棉纤维长度比L1和L4处理显著增加3.67%和4.40%;L4处理的棉纤维整齐度比L1和L2处理显著降低2.15%和2.11%。与L2D2相比,L1D1、L1D2、L4D2和L4D3的棉纤维长度显著降低,L4D1的棉纤维整齐度显著降低,L4D2的棉纤维马克隆值显著增加。[结论]冀南棉区机采棉兼顾株型和产量的株行距配置3个适宜组合为行距76 cm、密度75 000株·hm^(-2),行距66 cm、密度105 000株·hm^(-2)和行距86 cm、密度105 000株·hm^(-2)。[Objectives]The effects of row spacing and density on the cotton plant architecture,high yield and high-quality population structure were studied to clarify the suitable row spacing allocation and density configuration for machine-picked cotton in the Southern Hebei.[Methods]The cotton variety‘Jimian 803’was used as the experimental material.Four row spacing(L1:66 cm,L2:76 cm,L3:86 cm and L4:96 cm)and three densities(D1:45000 plants·hm^(-2),D2:75000 plants·hm^(-2) and D3:105000 plants·hm^(-2))were used to investigate their effects on cotton plant architecture,canopy structure,yield and quality.[Results]Compared with different row spacing treatments,the longer fruit branch and smaller fruit branch angle were the plant architecture characteristics of L1 treatment;the shorter fruit branch length was the plant architecture characteristics of L2 and L3 treatments;the lower plant height and fewer fruit branches were the plant architecture characteristics of L4 treatment.In the density experiment,compared with D1 treatment,the cotton plant architecture of D2 and D3 treatments was more compact,plant height and the first fruit branch height of D2 and D3 treatments increased,the length of fruit branch,number of fruit nodes and flocculation rate decreased.During the flowering and boll-forming period,compared with L2 treatment,the leaf area index of L3 and L4 treatments significantly decreased by 5.74%and 25.36%,and their light transmission significantly increased by 50.00%and 125.00%.During the flowering and boll-forming period,compared with D1 treatment,the leaf area index of D2 and D3 treatments significantly increased by 7.87%and 28.28%,and their light transmission significantly decreased by 25.00%and 50.00%,and their mean leaf angle significantly decreased by 8.68%and 13.35%.Compared with the conventional cultivation mode of machine-picked cotton in this region(L2D2),there was no significant difference in canopy structure among L1D2,L1D3 and L2D3 treatments,but the leaf area index of L3D3 treatment significantly

关 键 词：机采棉 密度 株行距配置 株型 产量构成 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学]