氯氟吡啶酯对水稻的安全性及选择性机制研究  

Study on the safety and selectivity mechanism offlorpyrauxifen-benzyl to rice

作　　者：许梦娇 孙徐涛 彭震[2] 房加鹏 董立尧 XU Mengjiao;SUN Xutao;PENG Zhen;FANG Jiapeng;DONG Liyao(College of Plant Protection/Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests,Ministry of Education,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,China;Shanghai Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center,Shanghai 201100,China)

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学植物保护学院/农作物生物灾害综合治理教育部重点实验室,江苏南京210095 [2]上海市农业技术推广服务中心,上海201100

出　　处：《南京农业大学学报》2023年第6期1069-1076,共8页Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31871993)。

摘　　要：[目的]本文旨在明确氯氟吡啶酯对水稻的安全性及安全用药时间、用药剂量、应用范围,明确氯氟吡啶酯在水稻和杂草间的选择性原理,为氯氟吡啶酯田间应用提供技术指导。[方法]采用整株生物测定的方法研究氯氟吡啶酯茎叶处理对水稻的安全性。利用酶联免疫法(ELISA)、气相色谱法、高效液相色谱-质谱联用技术(HPLC-MS)方法测定氯氟吡啶酯处理后原变稗与水稻体内生长素(IAA)、乙烯(ET)和脱落酸(ABA)等植物激素的动态变化。[结果]低叶龄的水稻对氯氟吡啶酯(有效成分剂量30 g·hm^(-2))比较敏感,容易发生药害。随着叶龄的增加,水稻对氯氟吡啶酯的敏感性逐渐降低,在水稻4.5叶期及以后用药比较安全;对不同类型水稻抑制作用从大到小依次为籼稻、糯稻、粳稻;氯氟吡啶酯对不同栽培方式水稻抑制作用从大到小依次是旱直播、水直播、移栽;在15 g·hm^(-2)剂量的氯氟吡啶酯处理下,稗草IAA、ET和ABA含量的变化率显著高于水稻体内的变化率,乙烯合成过程中1-氨基环丙烷羧酸(ACC)含量、1-氨基环丙烷羧酸合成酶(ACS)活性、1-氨基环丙烷羧酸氧化酶(ACO)活性测定结果与乙烯的结果相一致。[结论]氯氟吡啶酯对低叶龄水稻有较强的抑制作用,推荐在水稻4.5叶期以后用药。氯氟吡啶酯在稗草与水稻之间有较高的选择性,扰乱植物体内的激素平衡是氯氟吡啶酯重要的选择性机制。[Objectives]The purpose of this paper was to determine the safety,safe use time,dosage,and application range of florpyrauxifen-benzyl to rice,and clarify the selective mechanism of florpyrauxifen-benzyl between rice and weeds.The results provided technical guidance for the application of florpyrauxifen-benzyl in rice fields.[Methods]The whole plant bioassay method was used to determine the safety of florpyrauxifen-benzyl to rice.Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),gas chromatography,and HPLC-MS were used to determine the dynamic change of plant hormones such as indoleacetic acid(IAA),ethylene(ET)and abscisic acid(ABA)in Echinochloa crusgalli and rice after florpyrauxifen-benzyl treatment.[Results]Rice with low leaf age was more sensitive to florpyrauxifen-benzyl and it was prone to drug damage.With the increase of leaf age,the sensitivity of rice to florpyrauxifen-benzyl decreased gradually,and it was safe to apply the herbicide at 30 g·hm^(-2) after 4.5 leaf stage of rice.The order of inhibitory effect on different types of rice was indica rice,glutinous rice and japonica rice,and the order of inhibitory effect of florpyrauxifen-benzyl on different cultivation methods of rice was dry-direct seeding,water-direct seeding and transplanting.Under the treatment of 15 g·hm^(-2) dose of florpyrauxifen-benzyl,the change rate of IAA,ET and ABA content in E.crusgalli was significantly higher than those in rice.The results of l-aminocyclopropane-l-carboxylic acid(ACC)content,1-aminocyclopropanecarboxylate synthase(ACS)enzyme activity and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase(ACO)enzyme activity in the process of ethylene synthesis were consistent with those of ethylene.[Conclusions]Florpyrauxifen-benzyl had a strong inhibitory effect on low leaf age rice,and it was recommended to be used after 4.5 leaf stage of rice.Florpyrauxifen-benzyl had high selectivity between E.crusgalli and rice.Disturbing the hormone balance in plants was one of the important mechanisms of florpyrauxifen-benzyl.

关 键 词：氯氟吡啶酯 水稻安全性 激素平衡 选择性机制 

分 类 号：S451[农业科学—植物保护]