黄金尾矿两种无害化处理方案生命周期评价  

Life Cycle Assessment of Two Harmless Treatment Options for Gold Tailings

作　　者：陆思成 黄仁东[1] 石英[1] LU Sicheng;HUANG Rendong;SHI Ying(School of Resources and Safety Engineering,Central South University,Changsha 410083,Hunan,China)

机构地区：[1]中南大学资源与安全工程学院,湖南长沙410083

出　　处：《黄金科学技术》2023年第5期845-855,共11页Gold Science and Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“大范围分步回采能量演化与动态平衡机理研究”(编号:52174140)和“骨料磷石膏对胶结充填体材料性能影响及改性研究”(编号:42177160)联合资助。

摘　　要：以含氰黄金尾矿无害化处理过程为研究对象,运用生命周期评价(LCA)方法构建了2种方案的评价模型,对尾矿压滤洗涤、滤渣处理和滤液处理的环境负荷及资源消耗进行定量评估。结果表明:(1)方案2的尾矿毒性水平比方案1降低了98.5%,但整体环境影响并未降低;(2)方案1的主要环境问题是淡水生态毒性,方案2中环境影响从大到小依次是资源枯竭、淡水生态毒性和人类毒性等;(3)方案1中芬顿降硫氰和尾矿干堆是影响整体环境的主要环节,尾矿干堆对人类非致癌毒性和淡水生态毒性贡献超过50%,方案2中尾矿芬顿脱氰在14个环境影响指标中都是核心问题。2种方案中使用的大量化学药剂是主要的环境影响要素,电能影响较小。与方案1相比,方案2出现环境影响转移,体现在环境影响的形式与关键环节发生变化。从整体环境影响来看,尾矿的处理思路可以朝着药品减量和使用清洁环保物质方向发展。The harmless treatment process of cyanide-containing gold tailings were used as the subject of study.The Life Cycle Assessment(LCA)method was applied to construct evaluation models for two options to quantitatively assess the environmental load and resource consumption of tailings press washing,filter residue treatment and filtrate treatment.The results show that:(1)The tailings toxicity level in Option 2 is 98.5%lower than that in Option 1,but does not achieve a lower overall environmental impact;(2)The main environmental issue in Option 1 is freshwater ecotoxicity,while the environmental impacts in Option 2 are,in descending order,resource depletion,freshwater ecotoxicity and human toxicity;(3)The Thiocyanide reduction with Fenton and dry stacking of tailings in Option 1 are the main links that affect the overall environment with the dry stacking of tailings contributing over 50%to human non-carcinogenic toxicity and freshwater ecotoxicity,and the cyanide removal with Fenton from tailings in Option 2 is the most central issue in all 14 environmental impact indicators.The large number of chemicals used in both options is a major element of the environmental impact while electrical energy shows low environmental impact.The transfer of environmental impacts from Option 1 to Option 2 occurs in terms of form,volume and linkage.In terms of overall environmental impact,the treatment of tailings can move towards pharmaceutical reduction and the use of clean,environmentally friendly substances.

关 键 词：含氰黄金尾矿 无害化 尾矿毒性 生命周期评价 环境影响转移 药品减量 

分 类 号：X828[环境科学与工程—环境工程]