孔子死后弟子们的“心思”——从《论语·子张》看  

The“Mind”of His Disciples after Confucius’Death--Looking from the Analects of Confucius·Zizhang

作　　者：陆建华[1] Lu Jianhua

机构地区：[1]安徽大学哲学学院

出　　处：《兰州学刊》2023年第11期26-38,共13页

摘　　要：从《论语·子张》可以看出,在孔子死后,子张、子夏、子游、曾子、子贡都主要从内圣的维度继承和弘扬孔子思想,这是他们共同的“心思”,其中,子张、子夏、子游、子贡主要是通过阐释孔子思想的路径继承、弘扬孔子思想,而曾子主要是通过引用孔子之语的方式继承、宣扬孔子思想。在弘扬孔子思想的过程中,子张、子游与子夏有明显的不同,但是,都批评子夏,显示了孔子死后儒门最初的思想分化,以及同门中人在学术层面的“争执”;在对同门中人的评价上,子游、曾子都从道德维度对子张作出负面评价,显示了孔子死后同门中人在人际关系层面的“紧张”以及彼此关系的决裂。这种“紧张”,显示了批评者以正统自居的心理。由此也可知,儒门的分化有着客观与主观、学术与人为的因素。至于子贡,展示了其极力维护孔子形象、守护儒门的责任感。Looking from the Analects of Confucius·Zi zhang,after the death of Confucius,Zi zhang,Zi xia,Zi you,Zeng zi and Zi gong mainly inherit and carry forward Confucius’thought from the dimension of being holy,and this is their common“mind”.Among them,Zi zhang,Zi xia,Zi you and Zi gong mainly inherit and carry forward Confucius’thought by explaining it,while Zeng zi mainly inherits and carries forward Confucius’thought by quoting Confucius’words.In the process of publicizing,Zi Zhang,Zi you and Zi Xia are obviously different.However,all criticize Zi Xia,which shows the original ideological differentiation and the academic“debate”among them after the death of Confucius;in the evaluation of disciples,Ziyou and Zeng Zi both makes negative evaluation of Zi zhang from the moral dimension,showing the disharmony in the interpersonal relationship and the final rupture of the relationship.This“disharmony”shows the eagerness of the critics to“ascend”.It can also be seen that the differentiation of Confucianism has objective and subjective,academic and human factors.As for Zi gong,he shows his sense of responsibility to maintain the image of Confucius and protects the Confucianism.

关 键 词：孔子 《子张》 弟子 心思 

分 类 号：K225[历史地理—历史学]