从含锗烟尘中富集提取锗的工艺研究  

Study on the Enrichment and Extraction Process of Germanium from Germanium-Containing Dust

作　　者：熊浩 普世坤[1,2] 邵雨萌 柴皓茗 张红潇 尹国文 罗中旭 XIONG Hao;PU Shi-kun;SHAO Yu-meng;CHAI Hao-ming;ZHANG Hong-xiao;YIN Guo-wen;LUO Zhong-xu(College of Materials and Energy,Yunnan University,Kunming 650091,China;Yunnan Lincang Xinyuan Germanium Industry Co.,Ltd.,Lincang 677000,China)

机构地区：[1]云南大学材料与能源学院,云南昆明650091 [2]云南临沧鑫圆锗业股份有限公司,云南临沧677000

出　　处：《稀有金属与硬质合金》2023年第5期22-27,共6页Rare Metals and Cemented Carbides

摘　　要：近年来随着开采的含锗矿石品位下降,生产的含锗烟尘品位降低,导致氯化精馏提锗过程的试剂消耗量增加、环保压力加大。以云南临沧某厂生产的含锗烟尘为研究对象,通过还原挥发、循环浸出、中和沉淀等工序对其中的锗进行富集。采用X射线衍射仪和原子吸收光谱仪分析了原料以及产物的物相组成和元素含量,分析了富集过程各因素对锗富集率的影响。结果表明,适合于工业化生产的最佳工艺参数为:焙烧温度1100℃、还原剂量12.5%、试剂浓度20%、水浴温度80℃、溶液酸碱度pH=3以及沉淀剂量20倍。在上述优化工艺条件下,含锗烟尘经过还原挥发、循环浸出、中和沉淀工艺流程后,锗品位由0.97%提升到28.56%,富集倍数达到29.4倍,锗回收率达到96.49%。采用本工艺从含锗烟尘中提取锗是可行的,且具有锗回收率高,环境污染小,流程较短,成本较低等优点。In recent years,the declining grade of the mined germanium-containing ores has led to a decrease in the grade of germanium-containing dust,resulting in increased consumption of reagents and environmental pressure in the process of germanium extraction by chlorination distillation.Taking the germanium-containing dust produced by a factory in Lincang,Yunnan,as the research object,germanium from it was enriched through processes of reduction volatilization,cyclic leaching,and neutralizing precipitation.X-ray diffractometer and atomic absorption spectrometer were used to analyze the phase composition and element content of raw materials and products,and the influence of various factors on the germanium enrichment rate during the enrichment process was also investigated.The results show that the optimal process para-meters for industrial production include a roasting temperature of 1100℃,a reductant dosage of 12.5%,a reagent concentration of 20%,a water bath temperature of 80℃,a liquid pH of 3,and a precipitation do-sage of 20 times.Under such optimized conditions,the germanium grade increases from 0.97%to 28.56%after reduction volatilization,cyclic leaching,and neutralization precipitation of the germanium-containing dust,with an enrichment factor reaching 29.4 times and a germanium recovery rate of 96.49%.The extraction of germanium from germanium-containing dust using this process is feasible and offers advantages of high germanium recovery rate,low environmental pollution,short process duration,and low cost.

关 键 词：含锗烟尘 锗富集 还原挥发 循环浸出 中和沉淀 

分 类 号：TF843[冶金工程—有色金属冶金]