债权人撤销权的法律效果  

Legal Effect of the Creditor's Right of Revocation

作　　者：朱虎[1,2] ZHU Hu

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学民商事法律科学研究中心 [2]中国人民大学法学院

出　　处：《法学评论》2023年第6期85-96,共12页Law Review

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“民法典多人债之关系及其诉讼构造研究”(项目编号:21AFX017)的成果之一。

摘　　要：无论在债权人撤销权还是破产撤销权中,被撤销的债务人行为仅相对于撤销权人而言无效或不生效力。这有助于更合比例地实现价值平衡,妥当解决财产价值余额的归属、撤销权人的破产取回权和执行异议权等实践问题,且符合既有规范的文义、体系和目的。撤销权人可以在撤销权诉讼中同时请求相对人承担责任。债权人撤销权更应强调特定债权人的私益性,这与行使范围相互协调,且能够与破产撤销权的共益性形成功能上的分工配合。实现此种私益性的手段主要有直接受偿、撤销权衔接代位权和执行这三种路径,目前所选择的执行路径能够实现对撤销权人利益的保障。相对人就其对债务人的抗辩不能对抗撤销权人,但无偿行为中的善意相对人有权主张得利丧失的抗辩。In both the creditor's right of revocation and the right of revocation in bankruptcy,the revoked debtor's conduct is invalid or ineffective only in relation to the person having the right to revocation.This helps to achieve a more proportional balance of value,properly resolves practical issues such as the attribution of the balance of property value,the bankruptcy recall right and the right to object to execution of the person having the right to revocation,and is consistent with the text,system and purpose of the established norms.The person has the right to revocation can request the liability of the counterparty in the revocation action at the same time.The creditor's right of revocation should emphasize the private benefit of specific creditors,which is compatible with the scope of exercise and can form a functional division of labor and coordination with the common benefit of the right of revocation in bankruptcy.Three main means to achieve this private benefit are direct payment,the interface between the right of revocation and subrogation,and enforcement.The currently chosen enforcement route can achieve the protection of the interests of the person having the right to revocation.The counterparty's defense against the debtor is not available against the person having the right to revocation,but the bona fide counterparty in a gratuitous conduct is entitled to claim the defense of loss of benefit.

关 键 词：债权人撤销权 破产撤销权 法律效果 相对无效 私益性 

分 类 号：D923.3[政治法律—民商法学]