论非诉行政执行前的保全措施  

Debates on the Preservation Measures before Non-litigation Administrative Enforcement

作　　者：罗智敏[1] LUO Zhimin

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学法学院

出　　处：《法学评论》2023年第6期182-193,共12页Law Review

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“通用行政法典编纂问题研究”(项目编号:22AFX007)阶段性成果;“中国政法大学钱端升杰出学者支持计划资助项目”成果,受中国政法大学科研创新项目“行政法法典化研究”(项目编号:21ZFD82001)资助。

摘　　要：根据《行政强制法》《行政诉讼法》的规定,强制执行权的行政机关向人民法院申请非诉行政执行需要一个较长的等待期,在一些紧急情况下,因行政相对人拒不履行行政行为所确定的义务,会使国家利益、社会公共利益和他人合法权益遭受严重的难以弥补的损害。非诉行政执行前的保全措施可以预防损害的发生或扩大,确保行政行为将来得以顺利执行。司法实践中经常作为保全措施依据的是《最高人民法院关于适用〈中华人民共和国行政诉讼法〉的解释》第76条、第77条、第159条,以及生态环境领域的环境禁止令,但均存在司法解释规定不足、司法适用错误等问题。完善非诉行政执行前的保全措施,需确定比例原则作为适用的基本原则,增加行为保全,统一裁量要件,细化保全措施的程序,并提供相应的救济手段。According to the provisions of the Administrative Compulsory Law and the Administrative Procedure Law,administrative organs without the power of compulsory enforcement need a long waiting period to apply to the people's court for non-litigation administrative enforcement,and in some emergency situations,the refusal of administrative counterparts to fulfill the obligations determined by an administrative act has caused serious and irreparable damages to the national interests,social public interests,and the legitimate rights and interests of others.The preservation measures before non-litigation administrative enforcement can prevent the occurrence or expansion of damage and ensure that the administrative act can be successfully implemented in the future.In judicial practice,often used as a basis for preservation measures are Articles 76,77 and 159 of the Interpretation of the Supreme People's Court on the Application of the Administrative Procedure Law of the People's Republic of China,as well as environmental injunctions in the field of ecological environment.However,there are problems of insufficient judicial interpretation and erroneous judicial application.To improve the preservation measures before non-litigation administrative enforcement,it is necessary to determine the principle of proportionality as the basic principle of application,increase the behavioral preservation,unify the elements of discretion,refine the procedures of preservation measures,and provide corresponding means of relief.

关 键 词：行政行为 强制执行 财产保全 行为保全 比例原则 

分 类 号：D922.1[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学] D925.3[政治法律—法学]