收获期对不同生育类型优良食味粳稻稻米品质的影响  

Effects of harvest period on grain quality of japonica rice with good taste in different growth types

作　　者：杜敏 郭智[2] 顾克军[3] 陈文超 张岳芳[2] 刘红江[2] DU Min;GUO Zhi;GU Ke-jun;CHEN Wen-chao;ZHANG Yue-fang;LIU Hong-jiang(Planning and Design Institute,Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nangjing 210014,China;Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment,Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in Downstream of Yangtze Plain,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Nangjing 210014,China;Institute of Food Crops,Jiangsu Academy of Agriculture Sciences,Nangjing 210014,China;Nanjing Protection Station of Cultivated Land Quality,Nanjing 210036,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏省农业科学院规划设计研究院,江苏南京210014 [2]江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所,农业农村部长江下游平原农业环境重点实验室,江苏南京210014 [3]江苏省农业科学院粮食作物研究所,江苏南京210014 [4]南京市耕地质量保护站,江苏南京210036

出　　处：《江苏农业学报》2023年第6期1303-1311,共9页Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：江苏省重点研发计划(现代农业)项目(BE2019377);江苏省农业科技自主创新基金项目[CX(22)1002];水稻生物学国家重点实验室开放课题(20210404)。

摘　　要：本研究采用大田试验,以南粳2728、南粳9108、南粳3908共3个水稻品种为供试材料,设置提前7 d收获、适期收获以及延迟7 d、14 d、21 d、28 d收获6个处理,研究了不同收获期对优良食味粳稻稻米品质的影响。结果表明:水稻产量以南粳3908为最高,主要原因是其单位面积穗数、每穗粒数和千粒质量较南粳2728显著提高,单位面积穗数较南粳9108显著提高。稻米品质指标也以南粳3908最优。随着收获期的延迟,3个水稻品种稻米的整精米率、胶稠度、峰值黏度、热浆黏度、最终黏度、外观值、黏度、平衡度和食味值总体呈下降趋势,硬度、垩白度、垩白粒率、峰值时间和糊化温度总体呈上升趋势。收获期延迟总体使稻米品质变劣,但是收获期延迟7 d对南粳3908稻米品质无显著影响。因此,生产上建议水稻应适期收获,提前和延迟收获都会对稻米品质产生不利影响。In this study,three rice varieties,Nanjing 2728,Nanjing 9108 and Nanjing 3908 were selected as materials for field experiment.The effects of different harvest time on the quality of japonica rice with good taste were studied with six treatments,harvest at seven-day early,appropriate time,seven-day delay,14-day delay,21-day delay and 28-day delay.The results showed that yield of Nanjing 3908 was the highest,mainly because the panicles per square metre,grains per panicle and 1000-grain weight were significantly higher than those of Nanjing 2728,and panicles per square metre was significantly highter than that of Nanjing 9108.Nanjing 3908 also had the best rice quality index.The head milled rice rate,gel consistency,peak viscosity,hot paste viscosity,final viscosity,appearance value,viscosity,balance degree and taste value of the three rice varieties showed an overall downward trend with the delay of harvest time.While the hardness,chalkiness,peak time,chalky grain rate and gelatinization temperature showed an overall upward trend with the delay of harvest time.The delayed harvest period generally made the rice quality worse.However,seven-day delay at the harvest period had no significant impact on the quality of Nanjing 3908.Therefore,it is recommended that rice should be harvested at appropriate time in production,as both early and delayed harvesting have negative effects on rice quality.

关 键 词：适期收获 优良食味粳稻 产量 稻米品质 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]