种子球化处理、播种密度和播期对直播棉生理特性及生长发育的影响  

Effects of seed spheroidization, sowing density and sowing date on physiological characteristics and growth and development of direct seeding cotton

作　　者：谢章书 廖良秀 李侃 杨丹 周成轩 朱方歌 许豆豆 刘爱玉 周仲华 XIE Zhang-shu;LIAO Liang-xiu;LI Kan;YANG Dan;ZHOU Cheng-xuan;ZHU Fang-ge;XU Dou-dou;LIU Ai-yu;ZHOU Zhong-hua(College of Agronomy,Hunan Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Molecular Biology,Ministry of Education,Changsha 410128,China;Agricultural and Rural Bureau of Hengyang County,Hengyang 421299,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学农学院/作物生理与分子生物学教育部重点实验室,湖南长沙410128 [2]衡阳县农业农村局,湖南衡阳421299

出　　处：《江苏农业学报》2023年第6期1312-1322,共11页Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：湖南省棉花产业技术体系栽培与良种繁育岗位专家项目[湘农发(2022)31号];湖南省农业农村厅项目[湘财建指(2022)51号];湖南省重点研发计划项目(2020NK2023);国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0100404)。

摘　　要：为了适应长江流域油(麦)后直播棉轻简化、机械化栽培模式,同时提高直播棉棉苗的生理素质,从而实现棉花高产稳产,以湖南农业大学棉花研究所选育的早熟直播棉品种JX0010为供试材料,进行棉花种子球化处理,以未球化处理的棉花种子为对照,于2021年在湖南农业大学耘园科研基地进行不同播种密度和播期的大田比较试验。结果表明,种子球化处理能够显著提高棉花苗期可溶性蛋白质含量和超氧化物歧化酶活性,提高棉花苗期株高,增加棉花蕾期果枝数;高密度栽培(1 hm^(2) 45 000株)较低密度栽培(1 hm^(2) 30 000株)能明显增加棉花蕾期的可溶性蛋白质含量,可提高棉花蕾期的超氧化物歧化酶活性;晚播(6月5日)较早播(5月25日)能提高棉花蕾期的SPAD值,明显提高棉花苗期的可溶性蛋白质含量、吐絮期硝酸还原酶活性,总体降低棉花苗期、蕾期的丙二醛含量,缓解棉花叶片细胞衰老。此外,晚播还可以改善棉花的农艺性状,明显提高苗期、花铃期棉花株高。综合分析可知,利用种子球化处理,结合高密度栽培和晚播可有效提高棉苗的生理素质,改善棉花的生理代谢,促进棉花营养生长,改善源库关系,为实现棉花高产、稳产奠定基础。同时,该试验模式也可为长江流域植棉轻简化、机械化栽培提供理论依据。In order to adapt to the simplified and mechanized cultivation mode of cotton planting after rape(wheat)in Yangtze River Basin,and improve the physiological quality of direct-seeded cotton seedlings,so as to achieve high and stable yield,the early-maturing direct-seeded cotton variety-JX0010 selected by the Cotton Research Institute of Hunan Agricultural University was used as the test material,and the cotton seeds were spheroidized.Unspheroidized seeds were used as the control.In 2021,a field comparative experiment with different sowing densities and sowing dates was carried out in the scientific research base of Hunan Agricultural University.The results showed that seed spheroidization treatment could significantly increase the soluble protein content and superoxide dismutase activity of cotton at seedling stage,increase the plant height of cotton at seedling stage,and increase the number of fruit branches of cotton at bud stage.High density cultivation(45000 plants per hectare)could significantly increase the soluble protein content and superoxide dismutase activity of cotton at the bud stage compared with low density cultivation(30000 plants per hectare).Late sowing(June 5^(th))increased the SPAD value at bud stage,significantly increased the soluble protein content at seedling stage and nitrate reductase activity at boll opening stage,reduced the malondialdehyde content at seedling and bud stage,and reduced the degree of cotton leaf cell senescence compared with early sowing(May 25 th).The late sowing also improved the agronomic traits of cotton and significantly increased the plant height at the seedling and boll stages.In a comprehensive analysis,the use of seed balling treatment,combined with high density and late sowing could effectively improve the physiological quality of cotton seedlings,improve the physiological metabolism of cotton,promote the vegetative growth of cotton,improve the source-sink relationship,and lay the foundation for achieving high and stable cotton yield.The experiment model can al

关 键 词：棉花 播种密度 播期 种子处理 生理特性 生长发育 

分 类 号：S561.04[农业科学—作物学]