多花黄精致病真菌筛选及致病力鉴定  

Screening and pathogenicity analysis of pathogenic fungi causing diseases on Polygonatum cyrtonema

作　　者：马菁华 刘芳 任启飞[1] 范志伟[1] 欧明烛 陈云飞 MA Jing-hua;LIU Fang;REN Qi-fei;FAN Zhi-wei;OU Ming-zhu;CHEN Yun-fei(Guizhou Botanical Garden,Guiyang 550004,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州省植物园,贵州贵阳550004

出　　处：《江苏农业学报》2023年第7期1472-1482,共11页Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：贵州省科技计划项目[黔科合成果(2021)一般013、黔科合支撑(2021)一般257];贵州科学院青年基金项目[黔科院J字(2021)5号、黔科院J字(2020)19号]。

摘　　要：根腐病、炭疽病、叶斑病等多种病害会造成黄精产量减少、品质下降。本研究从多花黄精根际及块茎中分离得到37株菌株,并接种于无菌组培苗进行致病鉴定,从中筛选出12株致病菌。结合菌株致病特征和菌落形态,从12株致病菌中选择7株致病菌进行进一步观察。通过测定rDNA-ITS、TEF-1α基因序列,鉴定出这7株致病菌中2株为尖孢镰刀菌、2株为腐皮镰刀菌、1株为芬芳镰刀菌、1株为卵形孢球托霉、1株为裂褶菌。其中,叶片上尖孢镰刀菌QB-ed-1致病力最强,尖孢镰刀菌E-rz-7次之;块茎中尖孢镰刀菌QB-ed-1致病力最强,芬芳镰刀菌E-ed-2次之。菌株QB-ed-1对黄精叶片和块茎都有较强的致病力。本研究提供了一种主动筛选多花黄精致病真菌的方法,可在病害发生前预先筛选可能的致病菌,为黄精病害检测和防控提供了有效的检测手段。Various diseases such as root rot,anthracnose,and leaf spot can cause a decrease in yield and quality of Polygonatum.In this study,37 fungal strains were isolated from the rhizosphere and tubers of Polygonatum cyrtonema.Pathogenic identification was carried out using sterile tissue culture seedlings,and 12 fungal strains were selected.Based on the pathogenic characteristics and colony morphology of the strains,seven fungal strains were selected from 12 fungal strains for further observation.By sequencing rDNA-ITS,TEF-1αgene,these seven pathogenic fungi were identified as two strains of Fusarium oxysporum,two trains of Fusarium solani,one strain of Fusarium redolens,one strain of Gongronella butleri and one strains of Schizophyllum commune.Among them,the pathogenicity of Fusarium oxysporum QB-ed-1 on the leaves was the strongest,followed by Fusarium oxysporum E-rz-7.The pathogenicity of Fusarium oxysporum QB-ed-1 in tubers was the strongest,followed by Fusarium redolens E-ed-2.The strain QB-ed-1 had strong pathogenicity to the leaves and tubers of Polygonatum.This study provides a method for actively screening pathogenic fungi of Polygonatum cyrtonema,which can pre-screen potential pathogenic fungi before the occurrence of the disease,providing an effective detection method for Polygonatum disease detection and prevention.

关 键 词：多花黄精 真菌病害 致病性 镰刀菌属真菌 卵形孢球托霉 裂褶菌 

分 类 号：S432.1[农业科学—植物病理学]