盐逆境下施用缓释肥及其减氮处理对水稻生长、穗部性状、产量及品质的影响  

Effects of slow-release fertilizer and nitrogen reduction on the growth characteristics, panicle traits, yield and quality of rice under salt stress

作　　者：张蛟[1] 陈澎军 韩继军 翟彩娇 缪源卿 崔士友[1] ZHANG Jiao;CHEN Peng-jun;HAN Ji-jun;ZHAI Cai-jiao;MIAO Yuan-qing;CUI Shi-you(Jiangsu Yanjiang Institute of Agricultural Sciences,Nantong 226012,China;Jiangsu Geological Bureau/Coastal Saline-alkali Land Ecological Rehabilitation and Sustainable Utilization Technology Innovation Center,MNR,Nanjing 210007,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏沿江地区农业科学研究所,江苏南通226012 [2]江苏省地质局/自然资源部滨海盐碱地生态改良与可持续利用工程技术创新中心,江苏南京210007

出　　处：《江苏农业学报》2023年第7期1483-1491,共9页Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：江苏省农业科技自主创新基金项目[CX(20)3118];南通市科技计划项目(MS22021040)

摘　　要：为探明盐逆境下缓释氮肥类型及其减氮处理对水稻生长、穗部性状、产量及稻米品质的影响,以南粳5055为材料进行盆栽试验,土壤含盐量1.5g/kg。共设置8个处理:不施氮肥对照(CK)、施常规尿素处理(CG)、施大颗粒尿素处理(HFA)、施大颗粒尿素减氮10%处理(HFA-10)、施大颗粒尿素减氮20%处理(HFA-20)、施硫包衣尿素处理(HFB)、施硫包衣尿素减氮10%处理(HFB-10)、施硫包衣尿素减氮20%处理(HFB-20)。研究结果表明,与CG处理相比,HFA-20处理茎蘖成穗率显著提高21.36%(P<0.05),HFA-20处理水稻产量、有效穗数分别提高5.44%、7.41%(P>0.05),HFA-20处理氮素农学利用率显著提高了34.01%(P<0.05)。同一缓释肥处理而言,与HFA、HFA-10处理相比,HFA-20处理水稻千粒质量显著提高(P<0.05);与HFB、HFB-10处理相比,HFB-20处理水稻千粒质量显著提高(P<0.05)。缓释肥及其减氮处理的糙米率、精米率与CG处理相比无显著差异。但是与CG处理相比,HFA、HFA-20、HFB-10、HFB-20处理稻米胶稠度显著提高(P<0.05),其中HFA-20处理胶稠度最高为80.00 mm。可见,本试验条件下,盐逆境下施用大颗粒尿素减氮20%处理可使水稻不减产并对提高水稻茎蘖成穗率、氮素利用率及食味品质有积极作用。In order to explore the effects of slow-release nitrogen fertilizer types and nitrogen reduction treatments on rice growth,panicle traits,yield and rice quality under salt stress,a pot experiment was conducted with Nanjing 5055 as experimental material.The soil salt content was 1.5 g/kg.There were eight treatments:no nitrogen fertilizer control(CK),conventional urea(CG),large-grain urea(HFA),large-grain urea with 10%nitrogen reduction(HFA-10),large-grain urea with 20%nitrogen reduction(HFA-20),sulfur-coated urea(HFB),sulfur-coated urea with 10%nitrogen reduction(HFB-10),sulfur-coated urea with 20%nitrogen reduction(HFB-20).The results showed that compared with CG treatment,HFA-20 treatment significantly increased tiller ear formation rate by 21.36%(P<0.05),the yield and effective panicle number in HFA-20 treatment were increased by 5.44%and 7.41%,respectively,and the agronomic use efficiency of nitrogen in HFA-20 treatment was significantly increased by 34.01%(P<0.05).Compared with HFA and HFA-10 treatments,the HFA-20 treatment significantly increased the 1000-grain weight(P<0.05).Compared with HFB and HFB-10 treatments,the 1000-grain weight of rice was significantly improved in HFB-20 treatment(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in brown rice rate and milled rice rate between CG treatment and slow release fertilizer and nitrogen reduction treatment.But compared with CG treatment,the gel consistency of rice under HFA,HFA-20,HFB-10 and HFB-20 treatments was significantly increased(P<0.05),and the highest gel consistency under HFA-20 treatment was 80.00 mm.So under the conditions of this experiment,application of large-grain urea with 20%nitrogen reduction under salt stress could not reduce the yield of rice and had positive effects on tiller yield,agronomic use efficiency of nitrogen and taste quality of rice.

关 键 词：滩涂 缓/控释肥 氮肥减量 氮素利用率 

分 类 号：S143.1[农业科学—肥料学]